无脊髓灰质炎状态下面临的问题及对策  

Problems and Strategies after Polio-Free

作　　者：刘丹青[1] 戴振威[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省卫生防疫站,合肥230061

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》2002年第3期165-169,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：全球消灭脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )活动取得了巨大进展 ,世界卫生组织 6个区中有两个区已宣布为无脊灰区。但在实现无脊灰目标后 ,将面临许多问题 :脊灰野病毒的输入 ,疫苗衍生脊灰病毒 (Vaccine derivedpoliovirus,VDPV)的流行 ,疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰病例的发生 ,以及免疫、监测、实验室脊灰野病毒封存与销毁等问题。针对这些问题应采取的措施主要是 :保持高水平的免疫接种率和高质量的急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测工作 ,开展VDPV的监测 ,做好实验室脊灰野病毒封存与销毁工作 ,可根据国家的财力调整更改疫苗品种的免疫策略。Remarkable progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication has been achieved.The WHO regions of the Americas and Western Pacific have reached the goal of polio-free.But there are the following problems still existing in the polio-free regions:the importation of wild poliovirus case,the circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV),the vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)and its immunization and surveillance, the containment and destruction of laboratory wild polioviruses.To solve these problems,the following efforts should be taken:(1)keeping high immunization coverage rate of polio vaccine and maintaining high quality of AFP surveillance;(2)conducting surveillance of vaccine-derived poliovirus;(3)containing and destroying laboratory wild polioviruses;and (4)administering appropriate vaccine instead of oral polio vaccine under financial permit.

关 键 词：无脊髓灰质炎状态 问题 对策 脊髓灰质炎 脊髓灰质炎野病毒 疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒 疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎 

分 类 号：R512.4[医药卫生—内科学]