用油品的物理特性鉴别海面的溢油源  

Identification of spilled oil sources at sea by physical characters of it

作　　者：张国光[1] 许乙烈[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2002年第2期60-64,共5页Marine Environmental Science

摘　　要：建立了用油品的物理特性鉴别海面溢油源的分析方法。主要对海面溢油风化过程中溢油的运动粘度和折射率的变化进行了探讨。结果表明 ,在所给出的多个油种的风化过程中 ,油种间的运动粘度变化存在着明显的差异。随着风化时间的延长 ,原油的运动粘度随着风化时间的延长而显著增加 ,重质燃料油虽略有递增却很不明显 ;轻质燃料油和润滑油的运动粘度均在缓慢地增加。润滑油和燃料油的折射率无明显的变化。运动粘度法鉴别溢油的准确度较高 ,其准确率可达 10 0 %。The analytical method of utilizing the physical characters of oil to identify oil spilled at the sources of sea has been established. In this article, the variations of the kinematic viscosity and the index of refraction in weathering process of oil spilled were discussed. The conclusions obtained are following: in weathering process, there are obvious differences among the oil samples studied in kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity of petroleum becomes larger with the weathering time. For light fuel oil and lubricating oil, the kinematic viscosity was increased slowly, but this phenomenton is not very obvious for heavy fuel oil. The refraction indexes of lubricating oil and fuel oil don't show obvious changes. Utilizing kinematic viscosity to idtentify oil spilled, the accuracy is about 100%.

关 键 词：油品 物理特性 海面 溢油泵 溢油 鉴别 运动粘度 折射率 海洋污染 污染源 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X55