中国地表水酸沉降临界负荷的区划  

Mapping Critical Loads of Acid Deposition for Chinese Surface Waters Using a Steady-State Method

作　　者：叶雪梅[1] 郝吉明[1] 段雷[1] 周中平[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学》2002年第3期18-22,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：清华大学环境科学与工程研究院"985"院基金项目(ENV990 1)

摘　　要：为了解中国地表水体对酸沉降的响应情况 ,应用基于酸度平衡的稳态法研究中国地表水酸沉降临界负荷区划 .结果表明 ,中国地表水硫沉降临界负荷呈较明显的地带分布 .其中 ,大兴安岭北端水体的硫沉降临界负荷最低 ,大部分小于 2keq·(hm2 ·a) - 1,东北北部部分水体和秦岭 淮河以南大部分地区水体的硫沉降临界负荷介于 2～ 1 0keq·(hm2 ·a) - 1之间 ,其余地区水体硫沉降临界负荷普遍大于 1 0keq·(hm2 ·a) - 1.地表水酸度临界负荷的地区分布和数值大小类似于硫沉降临界负荷 .由于中国地表水酸度临界负荷普遍大于 2keq·(hm2 ·a) - 1,因此大部分地表水对酸化并不敏感 。In order to evaluate the response of Chinese surface waters to acid deposition, a steady state method based on acidity balance was applied to map critical loads of acid deposition for surface waters in China. The results show that the critical loads of sulfur deposition for Chinese surface waters had distinct spatial distributions. Surface waters sited in the north of Daxinganling region have lowest critical loads of sulfur deposition, most of that were lower than 2 keq·(hm 2·a) -1 . Critical loads of sulfur deposition for those southern surface waters were within the range of 2～10 keq·(hm 2·a) -1 , while in the other parts of China, most surface waters had critical loads of sulfur deposition higher than 10 keq·(hm 2·a) -1 . The spatial and values pattern of critical loads of acidity for Chinese surface waters were very similar with that of the critical loads of sulfur deposition. Since critical loads of acidity for most Chinese surface waters were more than 2 keq·(hm 2·a) -1 , it can be concluded that they were not sensitive to acidification and that acidification will not occur in the near future for most these waters.

关 键 词：稳态法 硫沉降 氮沉降 临界负荷 地表水 

分 类 号：X517[环境科学与工程—环境工程]