策勒高产棉实验区两种棉花叶片不同生育期气体交换特征的比较  

Comparison of Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics between Two Genotypes of Cotton in Four Growth Stages at Cele High Yield Cotton Field

作　　者：邓雄[1] 李小明[1] 曾凡江[1] 张希明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《棉花学报》2001年第6期361-366,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重大项目( KZ95 1 -B1 -2 1 3)

摘　　要：在位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的策勒高产棉实验区 ,在同样的气候、土壤、灌溉和栽培管理条件下 ,对秦远 4号和晋棉 2 1叶片 4个生育期的气体交换特征进行了测定。测试结果表明 ,两种棉花叶片的光合速率在不同生育期的排列为 :花期>铃期 >蕾期 >吐絮期。秦远 4号叶片的净光合速率 ( An)和气孔导度 ( gs)明显高于晋棉 2 1 ,最大光合速率 Am( light)和光量子效率 ( ф)也明显高于晋棉 2 1。两种棉花叶片的光合能力与各自的皮棉产量呈显著正相关。晋棉 2 1叶片的水势在花期和铃期显著低于秦远 4号 ,其蒸腾速率 ( E)和气孔导度 ( gs)也明显低于秦远 4号 ,我们推测这是造成两者叶片光合能力和产量显著差异的重要原因。根据实验结果建议 ,在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘棉区对这两种棉花应该采用不同的栽培管理措施。Gas exchange characteristics in four growth stages of the two cotton genotypes (Qinyuan 4 and Jinmian 21) were studied with the same cultivating conditions in the same high yield cotton field in Cele, located in the southern border of Taklimakan Desert.Results showed that the net photosynthetic rates of the two cotton genotypes rangeed in different growth stages in this sequence : flower stage>boll stage>bud stage>lint stage. The leaf of Qinyuan 4 has a higher net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum of photosynthetic rate and quantum yield (ф) than that of Jinmian 21. The gas exchange parameters of both vareties showed a significant positive correlation between the photosynthetic capacity and their lint yield . With a lower leaf water potential, Jinmian 21 has obviously lower transpiration rate (E) and gs than that of Qinyuan 4 in both flower and boll stage. We think these parameters contribute much to the difference of their photosynthesis and lint yield. According to our study results, we suggest to apply different cultivating patterns to different cotton genotypes in the southern margin of Taklamakan Desert.

关 键 词：新疆 策勒 高产棉实验区 棉花叶片 生育期 气体交换特征 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]