声阵测量中校核声传感器相位失配量的新方法  

A New Method for Calibration of Phase Mismatches between Acoustic Transducers in Acoustic Array Measurement

作　　者：顾晓军[1] 吴志江[2] 高山[3] 朱蓓丽[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械工程学院,上海200030 [2]中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏无锡214082 [3]上海交通大学船舶与海洋工程学院,上海200030 [4]上海交通大学动力与能源学院,上海200030

出　　处：《中国造船》2002年第2期58-63,共6页Shipbuilding of China

摘　　要：在声学测量中 ,测量通道间的相位失配引起的误差有时候至关重要 ,以致必须进行相位失配量的校核试验。如果使用传统的自由场行波法 ,由于存在安装误差 ,高频时无法得到高精度数据。本文提出了一种新的在驻波场条件下校核两路测量通道间相位失配量的方法。通过对形成驻波场的反射界面的不同情况的讨论 ,和对使用这种校核方法引起的误差分析 ,可以发现 :在驻波场的波峰附近 ,两传感器的测量相位差的变化对安装位置的偏差最不敏感 ,该测量相位差本身就是两测量通道间相位失配的反映。通常 ,驻波效应的加剧有助于校核结果精度的提高。在硬边界 /软边界条件下 ,当 |R|=ξ→ 1时 ,驻波效应很强烈 ,所得数据精度最高 ,能容许的声传感器安装偏差也最大。通过与行波场条件下计算结果的比较 ,发现驻波场条件下所得结果精度更高 ,适用的频率范围更宽。考虑到校核试验中所显示的操作的可靠性和成本的低廉性 。In acoustical measurement, the error caused by the phase mismatch between acoustic transducers may be fatal in many cases. In the process of phase mismatch calibration, adopting the classical progressive wave method in free field cannot reach high precision result in higher frequency domain due to installation deviation of acoustic transducers. This article introduces a new scheme to calibrate the phase mismatch between two measurement channels in stranding wave field. Through the discussion about the situations of reflection interface in the standing wave field and the analysis of the error introduced by this method. it is seen that the phase difference between the two acoustic transducers is insensitive to the installation position deviation in close vicinity of the peak of the standing waves and the phase difference reflects the phase mismatch between two measurement channels. Generally speaking, the reinforcement of the standing wave effect will result in the improvement of the precision of the calibration data. In the case of the stiff interface or soft interface, while the reflection coefficient R approaches one, the standing wave effect is very intensive, the calibration data wil have the highest precision and the permitted deviation of the installation position of the acoustic transducers is maximum. By compared the results with those achieved in progressive wave field it is found that this method can get the results of phase mismatches with higher precision in higher frequency domain. The operation is reliable and the cost is low in performing the calibration experiment.

关 键 词：声阵测量 声学传感器 相位失配量 声学测量 校核试验 

分 类 号：TB528[理学—物理] TP212.1[理学—声学]