干旱内陆流域生态需水量及其估算──以黑河流域为例  

Water Demand of Ecorsystem and E8timat6 Method in Arid Inland River Basins

作　　者：王根绪[1] 程国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2002年第2期129-134,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.49731030);中科院创新课题项目(KZCX1-10-06)资助

摘　　要：在干县内陆流域生态需水量概念与分类的基础上，以黑河流域为例，讨论了生态需水量估算的方法。采用两种半经验潜水蒸发公式和直接植物蒸腾估算等三种方法，以1995年为基准，分别对流域中游防护林生态体系需水量和下游荒漠绿洲生态需水量进行了初步估算，结果表明：黑河流域中游人工防护林生态需水量约为 2．1× 108～2．16×108 m3，下游荒漠绿洲生态需水量为 5．23×108～5．7×108 m3；为维持或稳定流域下游额济纳现有绿洲规模，狼心山断面过水流量不应小于 5．8×108m3。Abstract: The water demand by the eco-system in arid inland river basins has not been still given a clearand exact definition. It was related to the regional water resources estimate, water resources utilizationplan and eco-environmental protection. Based on the principles and the classifications of eco-demand waterin the arid inland river basins of northwest China, the estimate methods of eco-demand water volume werediscussed. As a case of study, the eco-demand water in the Heihe River basin was calculated by threemethods: two of groundwater evaporation model and one of the vegetation evapotranspiration model.Tak-ing 1995 as the datum year, the water demands of the shelter-forest eco-system in artificial oasis in themiddle reach and the desert natural oasis in the lower reach of Heihe river basin, were .alculated respec-tively. The results show that: the eco-demand water of the shelter-forest eco-system in artificial oasis inthe middle reach was about 2. 1 ×108 ～2. 16× 108 m3, and the eco-demand water of the desert natural oasisin the lower reach of Heihe river basin was about 5. 23 × 108～5. 7 × 108 m3. The lowest water demand forpreserving the present oasis area was about 5. 7 × 108 m3 based on rational usage of water resources. If thelife water demand of people and livestock and the water lose in the water transporting process were consid-ered, the incoming runoff through the Langxinshan Section, demanded for preserving the present'oasis ar-ea before 2015, was about 6. O×108 m3. If the oasis area be regained to the level at the primary of 1980s,the incoming runoff would be about 8. 9 ×108 m3, and the runoff through the Zhengyixia Section must bereached at 10. 9 ×108～13. 1 ×108 m3.

关 键 词：干旱内陆流域 生态需水量 估算 黑河流域 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]