基于DEM的山区气温空间模拟方法  

A Method of Spatial Simulating of Temperature Based Digital Elevation Model(DEM) in Mountain Area

作　　者：张洪亮[1] 倪绍祥[1] 邓自旺[2] 谌芸[2] 查勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210097 [2]南京气象学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《山地学报》2002年第3期360-364,共5页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 4 99710 5 6 );南京气象学院气象灾害和环境变化重点开放实验室开放基金 (KLME0 10 2 0 2 )

摘　　要：气温作为一种农业资源是由太阳辐射到达大气形成的 ,在地球表面的分布与地表的地形特征密不可分 (特别在山区 )。数字高程模型 (DigitalElevationModel,简称DEM)作为一种地表形态的描述方式 ,在利用空间信息进行各种专题分析研究和规划决策过程中具有很大的实用价值。研究提出了以地理信息系统 (GIS)为支撑 ,在常规统计模型 (CSM)的基础上 ,利用地形的坡度、坡向因子进行山区气温空间小尺度模拟的修正模型———地形调节统计模型(TASM) ,并在环青海湖地区进行实际应用。研究结果表明 ,地形调节统计模型优于常规的统计模型 ,从而为山区任一地域单元气温空间分布的快速计算提供了一种可行的方法 ,对山区气温资源的专题应用具有重要的意义。Temperature, as a kind of agriculture resource, is formed by solar radiation to atmosphere, its distribution on earth surface is interwoven with topographic characteristics of the surface, especially in mountain area. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), as a descriptive way of the surface pattern, has practical value in all kinds of monographic study and planning decision using spatial information. In this paper, Topography_ Adjusted Statistical Model (TASM), which corrects the mountain temperature based Conventional Statistical Model (CSM) by using the topographic factors (slope and aspect) on the small scale, was presented, and applied in the region around Qinghai lake. The results show that TASM is superior to CSM and provides a method of temperature simulating spatially in mountain area, and has important significance to thematic application concerning temperature resource in mountain area.

关 键 词：数字高程模型 DEM 地理信息系统 GIS 气温模拟 地形调节统计模型 山区 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P46