某大型石油化工企业中粉尘危害与预防措施  

Survey of Organic Dust Hazards and Preventive Measures in a Large Scale Petrochemical Enterprise

作　　者：邓虹[1] 刘茁[1] 李继贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2002年第3期150-152,共3页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的　探讨石化生产中产生的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙六六盐 3种有机粉尘的危害性及预防措施。方法　生产现场劳动卫生学调查 ,粉尘的毒性及对大鼠肺的致纤维化作用动物实验。结果　作业场所粉尘浓度聚乙烯 14 2mg/m3 ,聚丙烯 4 1 6mg/m3 ,尼龙六六盐 2 5 0mg/m3 ;3种有机粉尘LD50 >15 0 0 0～30 0 0 0mg/kg;大鼠支气管染尘后经 1～ 18个月观察 ,发现实验动物肺组织切片上可见网织纤维增生和少量胶原纤维 ,染尘后的体外细胞培养液中巨噬细胞着色率和乳酸脱氢酶活性单位显著高于正常对照组 ,但低于石英粉尘对照组。结论　 3种有机粉尘虽均属无毒物质 ,但据体外肺巨噬细胞实验结果对肺巨噬细胞有轻微毒性 ,对大鼠肺有轻度致纤维化作用。生产现场粉尘污染严重 ,长期接触可能造成职业危害 。Objective To investigate the hazardous effects and preventive measures of organic dusts of polyethylene,polypropylene and Nylon 66 salt.Methods Field survey and animal experiments were conducted.Results The dust concentrations of polyethylene,polypropylene and Nylon 66 salt were 14 2,41 6 and 250 0 mg/m 3 respectively.LD 50 of these three dusts was 15 000 ～ 30 000 mg/m 3 .After inhalation exposure of the dusts and sacrificed 18 months later,it was found that there were reticular fibers proliferation and a few collagen fibers in rats lung tissues,however,the pathological changes and fibrosis were slighter than those caused by the quartz dust.The staining rate of macrophage in vitro in culture medium and lactic dehydrogenase activity unit were higher than those of the controls(P<0 01),but lower than the quartz dust did.Conclusions The toxicity of these three organic dusts in lung macrophage is slight.

关 键 词：有机粉尘 劳动卫生学 调查 聚乙烯 聚丙烯 尼龙六六盐 粉尘 危害 预防措施 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]