刺五加、短梗五加的花蜜分泌节律、花蜜成分及访花者多样性的比较研究  

The Relations Among the Nectar Secretive Rhythms, Nectar Compositions and Diversities of Floral Visitors for Both Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus

作　　者：刘林德[1] 李玮[2] 祝宁[2] 申家恒[1] 赵惠勋[2] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院生物科学与技术系 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第6期847-853,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 394 70 1 30 );林业部重点课题资助项目 ( 96 -2 8);烟台师范学院博士科研启动基金资助项目

摘　　要：野外定位观测刺五加 ( Eleutherococcussenticosus)、短梗五加 ( E. sessiliflorus)的花蜜分泌节律、访花者的多样性 ,室内分析其花蜜的主要成分。结果表明 ,刺五加雄株的花朵在开花 1～ 3( 4 ) d分泌花蜜 ,雌株在开花 5～ 7,6～ 8或 7～ 9d分泌花蜜 ;短梗五加以及刺五加两性株的部分花朵 ,在开花后有两次分泌花蜜的过程 :第 1次与花药开裂散粉时间一致 ,第2次与柱头具可授性的时间一致。而且 ,刺五加和短梗五加都由动物帮助传粉 ,花蜜分泌的时间与多数访花者的访花时间一致。在一天之中 ,散出花粉的花朵分泌花蜜的时间早于接受花粉的花朵 ,这种时间差异应该是植物控制访花者流向并导致传粉成功的关键。短梗五加与刺五加之间以及刺五加不同性别的植株之间 ,花蜜的成分及相对含量各有特点 ,但都以果糖和葡萄糖为主。在刺五加、短梗五加花朵上记录到的访花昆虫分别有 5 0余种和 4 0余种 ,多数隶属于膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和半翅目。其中 ,膜翅目的胡蜂、马蜂、熊蜂 ,双翅目的食蚜蝇、寄蝇等是刺五加。It is widely accepted that nectar plays an important role in plant-pollinator interactions reflecting co-evolution between the plants and their pollinators. The common variations of nectar relevant to pollination are its concentration, volume, and sugar and amino acid contents. In this paper, the nectar secreting rhythm, nectar compositions, and diversities of floral visitors for both species of Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus were examined at Maoershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station (127°30′～127°39′E, 45°20′～45°26′N ), in Northeastern China. The nectar compositions and secreting rhythms are different between both species, and also different among different sexes of E. senticosus. But the main compositions of nectars are glucose and fructose without exception. In E.sessiliflorus, the content of fructose is 8.88% in nectars, which is 2 or 3 times higher than that of E.senticosus. In female E.senticosus, the main compositions of nectar are similar to that of E.sessiliflorus, but its compositions are very different from that of male E.senticosus and bisexual E.senticosus, both of which not only contain glucose and fructose, but also contain many kinds of organic acids. However, the sucrose could not be found in the nectars of both species. Besides fructose and glucose, there are other substances in the nectars, such as D-glucopyranose, D-galactopyranose or D-galactopyranoside, etc. There are two processes of nectar secretion for most flowers of E.sessiliflorus, and for some bisexual flowers of E.senticosus. The first secreting period happens while the anther disperses pollens (male phase). The second period happens during the time that the stigma receives pollens (female phase). In both species, the nectar secreting time, while supplying pollens, is 1～3 days after anthesis. When getting pollens, the secreting time is 5～7 days, or 6～8, or 7～9 days. Within a day, the nectar production peak of pollen donors is earlier than that of pollen recipients. It is suggested that the

关 键 词：刺五加 短梗五加 花蜜分泌节律 花蜜成分 访花者多样性 比较研究 传粉者 传粉生态 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]