空间分子生态学——分子生态学与空间生态学相结合的新领域  

Spatial Molecular Ecology: A New Cross-discipline Between Molecular Ecology and Spatial Ecology

作　　者：张爱兵[1] 谭声江[1] 陈建[2] 李典谟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所 [2]湖北大学生命科学学院生态学研究所,武汉430062

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第5期752-769,共18页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目 ( 3989336 0 ) ;国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 ( G:2 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 1 0 ) ;中国科学院创新方向资助项目 ( KSCX2 -1 -0 2 ;KSCX2 -SW-1 0 3) ;瑞典国际科学基金资助项目 ( IFSD/32 0 4 -1 )

摘　　要：分子标记、基因流、种群空间动态是当前生命科学研究中的热点领域。RFLPs、RAPDs、微卫星等新的分子标记的不断涌现 ,促进了这些领域的飞速发展。对种群空间动态研究中的等级岛屿模型、距离隔离模型、脚踏石模型、集合种群模型等方面许多令人瞩目的进展做了介绍 ;同时还介绍了遗传距离、基因流及其测度、基因突变模型、3S技术、空间精确性种群模型和基因频率的空间自相关等热点领域。最后 ,就空间分子生态学存在的问题与前景进行了讨论 ,指出了空间分子生态学可能的发展方向。Recent advances of Molecular Ecology and Spatial Ecology are driving a change in ecology. Now these two disciplines are coming together in many cases. Spatial Molecular Ecology, a new cross-discipline, is rising. Many molecular markers, such as RFLPs, RAPDs, microsatellite molecular marker and so on, are being applied to more and more fields of Ecology to address ecological questions. Many DNA molecular markers,which have many advantages such as high-stability, rich genetic information, being comparative between different taxa and so on, have been used to infer the spatial genetic structure, gene flow and migration among local populations. The estimation of gene flow has relied on indirect methods or those based on Wright's parameter of population differentiation Fst. In many respects, Fst is an ideal parameter that summarizes the evolutionary history of the population, yielding insights about the relative importance of gene flow and genetic drift. On the one hand, ecological theory and some ecological models, such as island-model, isolation-by-distance model, stepping-stone model, metapopulation model and Spatially explicit population models, lay a theoretical foundation for the development of Spatial Molecular Ecology. Many different kinds of models that could be used to describe gene flow among populations. Wright's infinite island model is a “landscape-neutral” model that assumes equal population size and equal exchange of migrants across all populations. The metapopulation model, in its narrow definition, was initially a demographic model that describes a set of population with certain extinction probabilities that are connected by migration of colonists. The landscape model that uses spatially explicit information about the mosaic of habitat types to describe the landscape. This model would be used to estimate probability of migration or gene flow associated with exchange within and between habitat types with spatially explicit information. Spatially explicit population models, which are investigating

关 键 词：空间分子生态学 空间生态学 地理信息系统 集合种群 发展方向 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]