五种作物基因库种子繁殖更新技术研究  

Study on regenenation of the seeds of five crops stored in genebank

作　　者：马缘生[1] 范传珠[1] 王述民[1] 谭富娟[1] 周红立[1] 周涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源科学》2002年第2期1-7,33,共8页

基　　金：国际植物遗传资源研究所(IPGRI)资助项目(1994-1997)

摘　　要：用大白菜、荞麦、多花菜豆、薏苡和芝麻等五种作物,每作物4个品种,各设25、50、100、150、200株不同群体的田间种植试验。采用纱网隔离,人工链式杂交,成对杂交,混合授粉,人工辅助授粉或虫媒(蜜蜂、苍蝇)等不同传粉方法。观察、记载主要农艺性状。室内考种并测定各繁种方法与原种繁殖前后10种同工酶,计算遗传多样性指数;比较不同种群及原种与不同繁种方法繁殖后代间的差异显著性(遗传相似性)。提出这5种作物基因库种子最佳繁种措施:大白菜种植50～100株,群体内进行人工链式杂交;荞麦在网罩内种50～100株,采用家蝇传粉;多花菜豆在全封闭网棚内种50株以上,放蜜蜂传粉;薏苡种50～150株群体,套袋人工混合授粉;芝麻采用非隔离区种植40～50株或利用温室隔离种植。Seeds of five crops,Chinese cabbage,common buckwheat,multiflora bean,jobstears and sesame,were used in this experiment.Out crossing method were used for Chinese cabbage,common buckwheat,multiflora bean and jobsteares and selfcrossing method was used for sesame.Five population size(25,50,100,150 and 200 plants) and three pollination isolation methods were used in field experiments.Genetic diversity index was estimated by morphological character analysis and isozyme variability analysis for 10 kinds of isozyme.The results showesd that the suitable methods of regenaration for the five crop are as follows:chain crossing with population size of 50～100 plants for cabbage, poly crossing by honeybee in closed isolated plot and population size of 50～100 plants for buckwheat,poly crossing by honeybee in closed isolated plot and population size of 50～ 150 plants for jobstears,non-isolation or greenhouse planting with population size of 40～ 50 plants for sesame.

关 键 词：作物 基因库 种子繁殖 同工酶 繁种 繁殖更新 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种]