普氏原羚的采食对策  

FORAGING STRATEGY OF PRZEWALSKI'S GAZELLE (PROCAPRA PRZEWALSKII)

作　　者：刘丙万[1] 蒋志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第3期309-316,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 46 80 5 );中国科学院创新项目 (KSCX 1 0 3);国家杰出青年科学基金 ( 3770 10 4);美国国家地理学会;德国物种与种群动物保护协会;美国哥伦布动物园资助~~

摘　　要：从 1998年 8月到 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,我们在青海省共和县和海晏县利用系统取样法测定了植物的地上生物量 ,利用粪样显微组织学分析法、目标动物记录法研究了约 2 0 0只普氏原羚的食物组成和采食时间 ,同时研究了普氏原羚对采食生境的选择。我们发现 :(1)采食是普氏原羚的主要活动之一 ,占其活动时间的 40 0 %～6 5 6 %。普氏原羚晨昏采食时间超过总采食时间 82 9% ;(2 )普氏原羚在人为干扰小、食物丰富度高的地方采食 ,人为干扰与食物丰富度对普氏原羚的采食活动影响显著 (P <0 0 1) ;(3)普氏原羚是广食性物种 ,共取食16科 5 0种植物 ,其食物组成季节性差异极为显著 (P <0 0 1) ;(4 )食物资源影响普氏原羚的食物组成。普氏原羚的食物中从 11月份到第二年 5月会出现替代性食物狼毒和马蔺 ,食物中狼毒和马蔺的比例随食物资源的下降而上升 ;在 5月份 ,偶吃性食物沙蒿所占比例最大 ,为 13 8% ;(5 )普氏原羚选择芨芨草草原以及其它食物丰富度高、隐蔽条件好和人类干扰少的生境作为采食区 ;几乎不在围栏内采食 ,但常在距离围栏 1km内的生境中采食 ,对距离围栏 1km以上的采食生境的选择为随机选择 ;普氏原羚不在沙丘中采食 ,而在沙丘边缘的生态交错带采食。基于以上结果 ,我们认为We studied the foraging strategy of the Przewalskis gazelle in Gonghe and Haiyan counties around the Qinghai Lake region from August 1998 to August 2000. We observed the foraging activities of about 200 Przewalskis gazelle individuals in the fields with the focal\|animal sampling method, and determined the plant biomass above ground in habitats of the Przewalskis gazelle with a systematic quadrate sampling method and used the microhistological analysis of fecal samples to assess the diet composition of the Przewalskis gazelle. We found that foraging behavior is one of the dominant behaviors of the Przewalskis gazelle, which made up 40 02%-65 58% of the daily activity time of the gazelles. Przewalskis gazelle prefered to active at dawn and dusk, however, more than 82 9% of their active time at dawn and dusk were foraging. The Przewalskis gazelle liked to graze in the grassland of low human disturbance and abundant foods. Five plant families, Graminae, Leguminosae, Cypaeraceae, Comsitae, Rosaece, made up more than 60 percent of the diets of Przewalski gazelle whole year around, but there were significant differences among the seasonal food compositions of Przewalskis gazelle ( P <0 01). When the food abundance decreased to below 155 3 g/m 2, those plant species that were never or seldom eaten by the Przewalskis gazelle during the plant g period green appeared in the foods of the Przewalskis gazelle. The proportion of those substitute foods in the diet of Przewalskis gazelle increased while the aboveground biomass decreased. The Przewalski gazelle generally grazed in the ecotones between grasslands and sandbanks. It preferred to forage in the place with foods of high quantity, of less human disturbance and good cover conditions. The Przewalski gazelle also liked to graze in habitats within less than 1 km from the fenced pasture but they seldom grazed in the fenced pastures. Based on the above results, the following conclusions were obtained: human activity and food abundance affected the foraging strategy of

关 键 词：普氏原羚 采食对策 青海湖 人类活动 高原生态系统 

分 类 号：Q959.842[生物学—动物学] Q958.12