中国西北地区蚂蚁区系特征  

ANT FAUNA IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGIONS OF CHINA

作　　者：长有德[1] 贺达汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750105

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第3期322-332,共11页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 30 0 6 0 0 14 );教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目

摘　　要：于 1997～ 2 0 0 0年对宁夏、甘肃、青海及内蒙古西北部地区进行了系统的蚁类标本采集 ,获得标本 10 0 0余号 ,并对其进行了系统的分类鉴定 ,获得蚂蚁 3亚科 16属 79种。本调查区蚁类区系组成呈现以下特征 :古北界分布的有 15属 ,代表属为蚁属、红蚁属、毛蚁属、原蚁属、箭蚁属、收获蚁属等 ;东洋界分布的有 9属 ,代表属为火蚁属、细胸蚁属、酸臭蚁属、光胸臭蚁属和弓背蚁属等 ;在种级水平上 ,古北界分布的有 79种 ,东洋界分布的仅 17种。蒙新区分布的成分有 15属 ,其中以铺道蚁属、原蚁属及箭蚁属为主体 ,蚁属和心结蚁属次之 ;青藏区分布的成分有 4属 ,以蚁属和毛蚁属为主体 ;东北区分布的成分有 5属 ,蚁属和毛蚁属为主体 ;华北区分布的成分有 15属 ,其中以蚁属、红蚁属和毛蚁属为主体 ,仅心结蚁属无分布 ;华中区、华南区和西南区分布的成分均不明显。在种级水平 ,华北区和蒙新区分布的成分为主体 ,分别占 5 1和 49种 ,其次为华中区、青藏区和东北区的成分 ,分别占 17、 15和 15种 ,华南区和西南区的成分最少 ,分别为 8和 5种。在区系分类的基础上 ,根据优势种、特有种 ,并结合植被、地形、地貌将调查区划分为 6个蚁类区 :黄土高原蚁类区、荒漠蚁类区 (其下设 4个蚁类亚区 :荒漠化草原蚁类亚区。The ant species in different vegetation sites and main typical mountains such as desert forest Helan Mountains, humid forest Liupan Mountains and high cold shrub Qilian Mountains in Gansu, Qinghai Provinces, Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions were collected from 1997 to 2000. The total investigated area was more than 900 000 km 2 and total 1 000 species numbers were collected. 79 species belonging to 16 genera and three subfamilies were recorded. 15 genera, typically Formica, Myrmica, Lasius, Proformica, Cataglyphis, Messor and Polygergus distribute in Palaearctic Realm; nine genera, typically Solenopsis, Tapinoma, Liotopum, Camponotus mainly distribute in Oriental Realm. At genus level, Inner Mongolia Xinjiang region components were 15 genera of which Tetramorium, Proformica and Cataglyphis were typical; North China region components were 15 genera only except Cardiocondyla. Each of Qinghai Xizang region and Northeast China region components was four genera of which Formica and Lasius are typical. Southwest and South China regions components play no significant role. At species level, components of North China and Inner Mongolia Xinjiang regions were dominant and were 51 and 49 species respectively. Components of Middle, Northeast China and Qinghai Xizang regions were subdominant and were 17, 15, 15 species respectively. The similarities of ant communities in 9 different types of grassland, that is typical grassland(loess plateau area), desert grassland, steppe grassland, typical desert, humid forest(Liupan Mountains), high cold shrub, desert swamp, desert forest(Helan Mountains)and desert oasis, were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA). Results showed that desert grassland, steppe desert, typical desert and desert oasis ant communities were significantly close to each other to form an integrated group, while desert forest(Helan Mountains)ant community which was however far away from the above integrated group and other four ant communities were isol

关 键 词：中国 西北地区 蚂蚁 区系特征 生态种组 

分 类 号：Q969.554.2[生物学—昆虫学]