荒漠绿洲主要作物及不同种植方式需水规律研究  

Study on water requirement law of some crops and different planting mode in oasis

作　　者：苏培玺[1] 杜明武[1] 赵爱芬[1] 张小军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2002年第2期79-85,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院重大项目 (KZCX1-0 9-0 2 ) ;国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4870 4)

摘　　要：利用土工膜建立 2 m× 2 m× 2 m的防渗池 ,中间埋设中子管 ,用中子仪监测土壤水分动态 ,利用水量平衡法得出了黑河中游临泽绿洲主要作物及不同种植方式需水规律 ,并与当地常规灌溉用水进行了比较 ,最后根据作物生育期提出了适宜的灌溉时期、灌水次数及定额。春小麦全生育期需水量为 4 35 .0 m m,耗水系数为 6 0 9.2 ;玉米需水量为 6 5 1.6 m m,耗水系数为 5 95 .1;春小麦 +玉米带田需水量为 75 4 .6 mm,耗水系数为 4 6 6 .4 ;棉花需水量为 6 75 .5 mm,按皮棉计算耗水系数为 6 2 90 .5 ;花生需水量为 36 0 .6 mm,耗水系数为 10 6 6 .1。春小麦、玉米、春小麦 +玉米带田、棉花、花生适宜的灌水次数分别为 :4次、6次、7次、6次和 4次。The law of water requirement of some crops and different planting mode in Linze's oasis on the Heihe River middle valley was studied by water equilibrium method through preventing seepage sump, that was built with soil engineering plastic film, and its volume was 2 m×2 m×2 m. In center of the preventing seepage sump a neutron tube, was embedded and neutron instrument was installed to monitor soil moisture dynamics. Also the experimental result was compared with that of local normal irrigation. Finally were advanced suitable irrigating dates, times and fixed quantities by growing period of crops. The water requirement of spring wheat in its total growing period is 435.0mm, and the coefficient of water consumption (1 kilogram output consume same unit quantity water) is 609.2. The water requirement of corn is 651.6mm, and the coefficient of water consumption is 595.1. The water requirement of interplanting wheat with corn is 754.6 mm, and the coefficient is 466.4. The water requirement of cotton is 675.5 mm, and the coefficient by lint cotton is 6290.5. The water requirement of peanut is 360.6 mm, and the coefficient is 1066.1. Suitable irrigating times of spring wheat are four times, corn are six times, interplanting wheat with corn are seven times, cotton are six times, and peanut are four times.

关 键 词：绿洲作物 需水量 耗水量 荒漠 种植方式 土工膜 作物生育期 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]