铁路电力牵引工频电磁场对职工健康影响的探讨  

Study on the Health Effects of Electric Railway Workers Exposed to Ultra-low Frequency Electromagnetic Field

作　　者：谢健华 朱连标 王起恩[2] 朱绍忠[3] 高伟 张伟俐 杨芳 

机构地区：[1]福州铁路卫生防疫站,福建350013 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100083 [3]上海铁路局卫生处,上海200071

出　　处：《海峡预防医学杂志》2002年第3期5-7,共3页Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的 ]探讨铁路电力牵引工频电磁场对不同工种的铁路作业人员的健康影响。 [方法 ]以整群随机抽样法 ,抽取电力机车司机、接触网工、线路工和电力牵引变电所人员 192名作为观察组。另抽取非电力牵引铁路职工 10 6名为对照组。检测作业环境的电场、磁感应强度、人体血液学指标、免疫球蛋白水平和外周血淋巴细胞 DNA损伤率。 [结果 ]电力牵引相关工种作业环境中有不同程度的电磁场强度存在。变电所人员的白细胞数低于对照组 ,电力机车司机、接触网工、线路工和变电所值班人员淋巴细胞数均低于对照组 ,电力机车司机、接触网工和变电所值班人员外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤率高于对照组。 [结论 ]工频电磁场对不同工种的铁路作业人员的免疫系统和外周血淋巴细胞 DNA损伤产生不同的影响。To study the health effects of railway workers exposed to ultra low frequency electromagnetic field. 192 drivers of electric locomotive,contact system workers,electric line workers and transformer substation workers exposed to electromagnetic field and 106 non exposed workers were selected by random cluster sampling method as exposure group and control group respectively. The intensity of electric and magnetic fields were measured;The peripheral blood was collected to examine the number of blood cells;The level of immuno globulin and the percentage of DNA damage of lymphocytes were detected. There is intensity of electric and magnetic field in some degree for the work environment of electric traction in railway. The number of white blood cells of the transformer substation workers was lower than that in the control group.The number of lymphocytes in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group. The percentage of lymphocyte DNA damage of electric locomotive drivers, contact system workers and transformer substation workers was higher than that in the control group.[Conclusion] Ultra low frequency electromagnetic field would be harmful to immune system and lymphocyte DNA of electric railway workers.

关 键 词：工频电磁场 免疫系统 DNA损伤 铁路职工 职业卫生 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]