结晶有机肥与复合肥、尿素在土壤中养分淋失的比较研究  

Study on Nutrient Leaching of Crystal Organic Fertilizer, Compound Fertilizer and Urea in Soil

作　　者：刘义新[1] 韩移旺[2] 王彦亭 江玉平[2] 于黎莎[2] 朱端卫[1] 刘武定[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源环境与农业化学系,武汉430070 [2]中国科技大学经济技术学院,合肥230052 [3]中国烟草专卖局,北京100052

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2002年第3期238-241,共4页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局基金资助课题 (980 177)

摘　　要：对尿素、复合肥、结晶有机肥进行了NO3 N、NH4 N及K的模拟淋失试验。从NO3 N淋失总量看 ,顺序为 :复合肥处理 (6 2 9mg ) >尿素处理 (5 86mg) >结晶肥处理 (36 8mg) ,尿素处理和复合肥处理分别为结晶肥处理的 1.5 9倍和 1.71倍 ;NH4 N总淋失量顺序为 :尿素处理 (5 3mg) >复合肥处理 (41mg) >结晶肥处理 (2 0mg) ,即尿素处理和复合肥处理分别为结晶肥处理的 2 .6 4倍和 2 .0 5倍 ;K淋失总量顺序为尿素处理 (398mg) >复合肥处理 (30 3mg) >结晶肥处理 (188mg) ,尿素处理和复合肥处理分别为结晶肥处理的 2 .12倍和 1.6 1倍。进一步由上、下层土体的NO3 N、NH4 N、K含量综合比较后可知 ,尿素处理后土体对 3种养分保持能力最差 ,复合肥处理较好 ,结晶肥处理最强。结果说明 ,结晶肥明显地减少了NO3 N、NH4 N、K在土壤中的淋失 。The simulated experiment of leaching of the NO 3 N, NH 4 N and K in soil was conducted after the crystal organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea were applied in the soil. The sequence of total amount of leaching of NO 3 N was the compound fertilizer (629 mg),urea (586 mg) , the crystal organic fertilizer (368 mg),the compound fertilizer and urea treatment were 1.71 and 1.59 times as much as the crystal organic fertilizer treatment. The sequence of total amount of leaching of NH 4 N was urea (53 mg) , the compound fertilizer (41 mg), the crystal organic fertilizer (20 mg),the urea and the compound fertilizer were 2.64 and 2.05 times as much as the crystal organic fertilizer treatment. The sequence of total amount of leaching of K was urea (398 mg), the compound fertilizer (303 mg), the crystal organic fertilizer (188 mg),the urea and the compound fertilizer were 2.12 and 1.61 times as much as the crystal organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. The result of comparison NO 3 N,NH 4 N,K of the upper soil with the lower soil was that urea treatment was the weakest in holding soil nutrients, the compound fertilizer treatment moderate, and the crystal organic fertilizer treatment was the strongest. These results indicated that the crystal organic fertilizer would reduce the leaching amounts of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N and K,which is important to the increase of the rate of fertilizer utilization.

关 键 词：结晶 有机肥 复合肥 尿素 土壤 养分淋失 比较研究 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S143[农业科学—农业基础科学]