我国部分地区吸毒人群中止咳药滥用流行病学调查  

Epidemiologyical Survey on Cough Syrups Among Drug Abusers in Part Regions of Our Counry

作　　者：刘志民[1] 吕宪祥[1] 连智[1] 穆悦[1] 郭平[1] 安欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,100083

出　　处：《药物流行病学杂志》2002年第3期129-131,共3页Chinese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology

摘　　要：目的 :了解吸毒人群中含可待因、麻黄素成分止咳药滥用的一般情况和滥用性质。方法 :采用自制的“止咳药使用情况调查表” ,对重庆等 6地区戒毒机构中收治的海洛因成瘾戒毒人员进行调查。调查内容包括使用止咳药的经历、使用性质 (医疗使用还是非医疗滥用 )以及滥用史等基本情况。采用匿名自行填写 ,集体集中回答 ,并统一收回调查表方式。结果 :收回 1 4 1 5例有效调查问卷 ,其中“非医疗目的滥用”63例 ,占该群体总数的4 .5 %。滥用者的平均年龄为 (2 7.0± 7.1 )岁 ,男性 44例 ,女性 1 9例。滥用止咳药原因比较复杂 ,其中既有“临时替代其它成瘾药物”的因素 ,亦有“增加娱乐场所气氛”和“好奇心驱使”等原因 ;加之该群体大多有多药滥用经历 ,故难以确定止咳药滥用性质。滥用场所既有娱乐场所 ,也有自己家中。药物依赖性调查显示 ,1 5 .9%的止咳药滥用者在停用后出现可以忍受 (轻度程度 )的戒断症状 ;1 7.5 %的个体出现对止咳药的“渴求感” ,“视觉类比量表”(VAS)平均分值为 (39.1± 2 9.0 )mm。结论 :含可待因、麻黄素成分的止咳药具有一定的滥用潜力 ,加之吸毒人群非常规长期大量使用以及多药滥用 ,可加大此类止咳药的滥用潜力和药物依赖性。由于许多止咳药属于OTC药物 ,无特殊管理 ,故对止咳药?Objective: To survey and assess the general condition and abuse nature of cough syrups containing codeine phosphate mixed with ephedrine hydrochloride. Method: A retrospective survey on cough syrups abuse was carried out in heroin addicts who were admitted to provide the detoxification in 6 regions of Chongqing, Shenyang, Beijing, Nanning, Guangzhou and Shanghai. Original data input and data analysis were conducted by EPI INFO. Result: Sixty three cough syrups abusers(4.5%) were screened from 1 415 cases of heroin addicts in 6 regions. Most of them were male(44/63) and mean age was (27.0±7.1) years. The reasons of cough syrups abuse in this group were complex and multifactoral. The main reasons of initial cough syrups abouse were' cough syrups substitute for other addictive drug', 'effects of enjoyment', 'satisfaction of curiosity', and 'recovering spirits'. The main sites of cough syrups abuse were at public entertainment place and home. Thirty four cases had the experience of polydrug abuse. 15.9% of cases experienced the mild withdrawal syndromes produced by cough syrups; 17.5% of cases had the craving for cough syrups. The mean value of 'Visual Analogue Scale'(VAS) was (39.1±29.0)mm. Conclusion: Cough syrups containing codeine and ephedrine had certain abuse potential in heroin addicts. especially, combination of codeine/ephedrine in cough syrups with other drugs abuse. Because of most cough syrups are OTC drugs, therefore, the problems of cough syrups abuse need to be emphasized.

关 键 词：止咳药 可待因 麻黄素 吸毒人群 流行病学调查 药物滥用 

分 类 号：R595.501[医药卫生—内科学]