乡镇废旧蓄电池铅污染对儿童血铅和锌原卟啉的影响  

The Effects of Township Recycling of Used Storage Batteries on the Blood Lead and ZnPP Levels in Children

作　　者：王祖兵[1] 吴立斌[1] 胡刚[1] 阎慧芳[2] 李春玲[2] 吴宜群[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省职业病防治研究所,安徽合肥230022 [2]中国预防医学科学院

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2002年第3期151-154,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金："九五"国家科技部攻关项目基金资助 (96 92 0 2 6 0 3)

摘　　要：[目的 ]了解生活在乡镇废旧蓄电池回收地区儿童血铅和血液锌原卟啉水平 ,探讨环境铅污染对儿童血铅和血液锌原卟啉的影响 ,为改善环境、防止儿童铅中毒提供依据。 [方法 ]检测废旧蓄电池回收加工区域空气、饮用水、土壤和小麦样品中铅含量 ,测定同区域内 5～ 9岁学龄儿童血铅 (Pb B)浓度和血液锌原卟啉 (ZnPP)含量。 [结果 ]废旧蓄电池加工密集区内环境铅污染严重 ,其空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦中铅含量均值分别为 0 0 16 3mg/m3 、116 14mg/kg、0 0 148mg/L、7 90 5 0mg/kg ;废旧蓄电池加工零散区次之 ,其空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦铅含量均值分别为 0 0 0 94mg/m3 、2 910mg/kg、0 0 0 48mg/L、2 42 75mg/kg ;相对清洁区的空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦无明显铅污染 (均值分别为 0 0 0 0 47mg/m3 、5 34mg/kg、0 0 0 32mg/L、0 36 5 0mg/kg)。三组学龄儿童血铅浓度均值分别为 5 32、45 2和 12 8μg/L ,三者之间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血液锌原卟啉中位数分别为 2 0 4μmol/L、1 5 0 μmol/L和 0 2 0 μmol/L ,三者之间存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]乡镇个体废旧蓄电池回收加工造成的环境铅污染 ,严重影响当地儿童血铅和血液锌原卟啉水平 ,加强治理 。To investigate the effects of recycling of used storage batteries on the blood lead and zinc protoporphyrine(ZnPP) levels in school-age children who lived there. The lead levels of air,soil,drinking water and wheat in the township recycling storage batteries area and the control were measured respectively. The blood lead and ZnPP levels in children at the age of 5～9 years were measured. The environmental lead pollution in the recycling storage batteries area was so serious that the lead levels of air,soil,drinking water and wheat were 0.016 3 mg/m 3,11 614 mg/kg,0.014 8 mg/L and 7.905 0 mg/kg,respectively. The scattered recycling area was less polluted,the control area was the lowest polluted area (0.000 47 mg/m 3,534 mg/kg,0.003 2 mg/L,0.365 0 mg/kg). In children of corresponding groups,the blood lead levels were 532 μg/L,452 μg/L and 128 μg/L ( P <0.05),the blood ZnPP levels were 2.04 μmol/L,1.50 μmol/L,and 0.20 μmol/L( P <0.05). [Conclusion] The township recycling used batteries caused environmental lead contamination,which seriously influenced the blood lead and ZnPP levels in children there. Its necessary to control the environmental lead pollution and improve the living and learning conditions of children there as soon as possible.

关 键 词：学龄儿童 铅污染 血铅 血液锌原卟啉 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]