大年的阴阳四时理论：生物进化论的核心  

The Theory of Yin,Yang and Four Seasons in the Great Years:the Keystone of the Evolutionary Theory

作　　者：徐钦琦 XU Qin qi(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, 100044,China)

机构地区：中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，北京100044

出　　处：《山西大学师范学院学报》2002年第2期1-5,共5页Journal of Teachers College of Shanxi University

摘　　要：在地球的历史上，存在着不同层次的是化事件。(博尼法埃，1990）或扩散事件（雷佩宁，1967；1980；1984；1987）可能是规模最小，层次最低的生物进化事件。据雷佩宁（1987）研究，在过去的670万年内，世界上曾发生过11次生物事件。它们分别发生在670，480，425，370，320，260，190，100，50，12．7，1．1万年前。根据徐钦琦（1984），雷佩宁（1984）和芙尔芭（1985）的观点，生物事件总是发生在寒冷期或冰川旋回的未导。在古气候学中，旋回乃是与大年相当的。所以生物事件总是发生在事件年（徐钦琦，1998）的末尾或开始，即发生在事件年的冬末春初.除了生物事件外，世界上还存在着不同层次的集群绝灭事件和辐射事件（芝普和赛泊考茨基，1982；沃利斯尔，1986）。在地质时代表中存在着代，纪，艺，期等时间单位。它们都分别呈现为一个完整的旋回。所以这些时间单位分别相当于不同层次的大年，如宏年，代年，纪年，世年，期年等。在地球的历史上，共存在着两个宏年（古生代宏年，中新生代宏年），四个代年（早古生代年，晚古生代年，中生代年，新生代年）和12个纪年（如奥陶纪年，泥盆纪年，三叠纪年）等。在地质历史上，世界上曾发生过5次集群绝灭事件（劳普和赛泊考茨基，1982）。所有这些事件都发生在大年的冬末。其中二叠大绝来的规模是最大的，所以它发生在层次最高的古生代宏年的冬末。白垩大绝灭的规模是第二大的，因此它发生在第二层次的中生代年的冬末。其余3次大绝灭事件的规模均小于上述的两次，所以它们分别发生在第三次层次的奥陶，泥盆和三叠纪年的冬末。辐射事件总是跟随着绝灭事件而出现的，在两者之间存在一年短暂的间隔（沃利斯尔，1986），总之，在不同层次的大年的冬末，生物界会出现不There are many gradations of evolutionary events in the history of the Earth.The biologic events(Bonifay,1990)or the dispersal events(Repenning,1967,1980,1984,1987)may be the smallest and the most primary ones.On the basis of the work of Repenning(1987),there were 11 biologic events in the last 6.70 Ma.They occurred at 6.70;4.80;4.25;3.70;3.20;2.60;1.90;1.00;0.50;0.127 and 0.01Ma respectively.According to the viewpoint of XU Qin qi(1984),Repenning(1984)and Vrba(1985),the biologic events must have occurred near the ends of the cold stages or the glacial cycles.The cycles are always correlated with the Great Years in Palaeoclimatology.Therefore,the biologic events must have occurred near the ends or at the beginnings of the Eventyears,ie,near the ends of Winters or in the Springs of the Eventyears(XU Qin qi,1998).In addition to the biologic events,there were many kinds of mass extinction events and radiation events in the world(Raup and Sepkoski,1982;Walliser,1986).There were also many units in the Geologic Time Scale,such as Era,Period,Epoch and Stage.All the units represented a complete cycle separately.So they were correlated with many gradations of the Great Years reaspectively,such as Megayears,Erayears,Periodyears,Epochyears,Stageyears and so on.In the history of the Earth,there were two Megayears(Paleozoic and Meso Cenozoic Megayears),four Erayears(Early Paleozoic,Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Cenozoic Erayears),and 12 Periodyears(such as Oldovician,Devonian and Triassic Periodyears).There were five mass extinctions in the Geologic Time in the world(Raup and Sepkoski,1982).All of them occurred near the ends of the Winters in the Great Years.The scale of the Permian Extinction was the greatest one among the five mass extionctions.Therefore the Permian Extinction occurred near the end of the Winter in Paleozoic Megayear.Megayear is the highest one of the Great Years.The scale of the Cretaceous Extinction was the second one. Therefore the Cretaceous Extinction occurred near the end of the Winter in Mesozoi

关 键 词：大年 阴阳四时理论 生物进化论 绝灭事件 辐射事件 冬末 春季 

分 类 号：Q111[生物学—普通生物学]