新疆棉花高产栽培生理指标研究  

Studies on Cultivated Physiological Indexes for High-yielding Cotton in Xinjiang

作　　者：王克如[1] 李少昆[1,2] 宋光杰[3] 陈刚[3] 曹栓柱[3] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆作物高产研究中心 [2]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所/农业部作物遗传育种重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农三师

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2002年第6期638-644,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 (3 9760 0 40 );"十五"攻关支持项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 0 7A0 4)

摘　　要：通过研究提出实现公顷产皮棉 30 0 0kg的栽培生理指标是 :总干物质积累 194 80kg/ha ,积累速率最大值Vmax出现在盛铃初期 (8月 1日左右 ) ,为 315 .2kg1·ha-1·d-1,籽棉收获指数 36 .70 % ,皮棉收获指数 15 .5 6 % ;LAI在苗期、现蕾期、开花期、吐絮期分别为 0 .2、0 .72、2 .35和 3.94 ,在盛铃期达最大 ,为 4 .2 8;总光合势 3.6 5×10 6m2 /d ,其中见絮至盛絮期占 17.0 % ;群体光合速率变化在一生中呈单峰曲线 ,盛铃期达最大 ,CAPmax为 5 .4 0gCO2 ·m-2 ·h-1,盛絮期仍保持在 2 .0 5gCO2 ·m-2 ·h-1;单位叶面积负载的果节量控制在 84～ 97果节 /m2 叶 ,叶铃数目比 3.93～ 4 .5 9∶1,单位叶面积载铃量 30 .3个铃 /m2 叶 ,单位叶面积负载的皮棉重 0 .0 6 9～ 0 .0 78kg/m2 叶 ;产量结构冀棉 2 0为收获株数 12 .4万～ 13.6万株 /ha,单株成铃 8.9～ 10 .0个 ,公顷有效铃数大于 12 0万个 ,铃重 6 g ,衣分 4 2 % ;中棉所 2 3和石远 32 1为收获株数 13.1万～ 14 .7万株 /ha,单株成铃 9.4～ 9.8个 ,公顷有效铃数大于130万个 ,铃重 5 .6 g ,衣分 4 1.2 %。The cultivated physiological indexes of cotton for a yield of lint 3 000kg/ha were studied in field in Xinjiang. The results showed that its total dry matter was 19 480kg, the maximum accumulation velocity (Vmax) 315.2 kg·ha -1 ·d -1 appeared at the beginning of boll forming peak stage (about Aug.1th), harvested coefficient of seed cotton 36.70%; the optimum index of leaf 4.28 at full boll stage; total photosynthetic potential 3.65×10 6m 2/d (the value from the beginning to the peak of boll opening stage accounted for 17.0% of the total); the change of canopy apparent photosynthesis rate was a curve with single peak in the whole growth period, the peak value was 5.40 g CO 2·m -2 ·h -1 at full boll stage, and at boll opening peak stage it could keep on 2.05 g CO 2·m -2 ·h -1 ; its total fruiting nodes load per m 2 leaf area were 84-97, the No. ratio of leaf to boll 3.93 ～4.59∶1, bolls load per m 2 leaf area 30.3, lint yield per m 2 leaf area 0.069-0.078kg. The yield components were 124 000-136 000 plants/ha, 8.9-10.0 bolls per plant, boll weight 6g, the lint percentage 42% for Jimian20; and 131 000-147 000 plants/ha, 9.4-9.8 bolls per plant, boll weight 5.6g, the lint percentage 41.2% for Shiyuan321 and Zhongmian23.

关 键 词：新疆 棉花 高产栽培 生理指标 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]