不同负荷水平下氮素对苹果果实生长发育的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen on Apple Fruit Development in Different Load

作　　者：彭福田[1] 姜远茂[1] 顾曼如[1] 束怀瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2002年第6期690-694,共5页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：以 8年生红富士 /平邑甜茶 (Malus.domesticaBorkh .cv .RedFuji/M .hupenensisRhed)盛果期树为材料 ,进行土壤施氮与疏果、摘叶处理 ,探讨氮素对苹果果实发育影响。结果表明 ,对重疏果树而言 ,无论施氮与否 ,摘叶处理后果实蔗糖合酶 (SS)活性无显著变化 ,表明在碳水化合物供应方面 ,不存在源对库活性的制约 ,施氮处理与不施氮处理的果实生长速率 (库活性 )没有显著差异 ,但施氮使果实生长期延长 ,从而使平均单果重比不施氮处理增加 2 0 .8%(鲜重 )与 14 .1% (干重 ) ;而不疏果树施氮显著提高了果实SS活性 ,摘叶处理果实SS活性下降 ,表明库活性受源供应碳水化合产物水平的制约 ,施氮可提高果实生长速率并延长果实生长期 ,使平均单果重增加 2 8.2 % (鲜重 )与 19.4 %(干重 )。The effect of N on fruit development was studied by using soil application N, thinned and priming leaf treatment,and eight year old apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.cv.Red Fuji/M.hupenensis Rhed). The main results are as follows: on heavily thinned trees, SS activity were independent of N and priming leaves treatments. The results showed that the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity did not exist. N application did not stimulate fruit growth rates relative to those of nonfertilized trees. However, N fertilization resulted in a longer fruit development period and increased the growth potential of individual fruit by 20.8% (fresh weight) and 14.1% (dry weight) vs. controls. In unthinned trees, SS activity was increased by N fertilization but decreased by priming leaves treatment, so the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity existed. N fertilization increased the average single fruit weight both by extending the fruit development period and by increasing fruit growth rate, and the increasing rates were 28.2% (fresh weight) and 19.4% (dry weight) compared with the unthinned nonfertilized controls. Fruit soluble sugar and pericarp anthocyanin concentration was decreased by N fertilization.

关 键 词：负荷水平 氮素 苹果 果实生长发育 果实发育 蔗糖合酶 

分 类 号：S661.106.2[农业科学—果树学]