不同小麦品种千粒重对源库变化的反应  

Effect of Source-sink Change on Grain Weight in Different Kinds of Wheat Varieties

作　　者：李跃建[1] 朱华忠[1] 武玲 宋荷仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院,成都610066

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2002年第3期38-41,共4页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金："九五"国家和四川省小麦育种攻关项目 (96110 0 1-1)的部分内容

摘　　要：在灌溉和雨养条件下 ,研究了大粒饱满、大粒不饱满和中粒饱满三种小麦籽粒类型的千粒重对源库结构变化的反应。摘除剑叶和 1/ 2小穗数后 ,极显著减少和增加了千粒重。摘除剑叶后 ,大粒饱满的川麦 2 7和 1137的千粒重减幅较大 ,大粒不饱满的川育 14和 30 9减幅较小 ,中粒的川育 12、88凡 8等减幅也较小。去除 1/ 2小穗数后 ,川麦 2 7和 1137的千粒重增幅较少 ,川育 12、88凡 8等的千粒重增幅较多。中粒的 1189的千粒重在去除剑叶和 1/ 2小穗数后 ,增减幅度均较少。不同品种的千粒重对源库结构变化的不同反应 ,表明其灌浆的生理过程或光合器官间的相互补偿能力有差异。这种差异可能影响它们对环境胁迫的适应性。培育高产、稳产小麦品种 ,千粒重不能太大45～ 5 0 g即可 ;干旱常发的丘陵地区 ,应培育中等粒重 ,即 4 0～ 4 5 g的品种 ,以达到高产。Based on the split split plot design and statistical method, the effect of source sink change on thousand grain weight(TGW) of 9 wheat varieties, divided into three types in terms of their grain traits, big and plump grain, big but shriveling grain, middle and plump grain, was studied. The results indicated that after flag leaf and half spikelets were removed during anthesis, TGW decreased or increased singnificantly. TGW of two varieties, Chuanmai 27 and1137 both with big and plump grain decreased in a higher percentage after the flag leaf removal, but the other two varieties, Chanyu14 and 309 both with big but shriveling grain, decreased in a lower percentage, compared with Chuanmai 27 and 1137. The TGW of Chanyu12, 88 Fan 8 and other varieties with middle grain also decreased in a lower percentage. After half spikelets removed, the TGW of Chuanmai 27 and 1137 increased in a lower percentage, while Chuanyu 14, Chaunyu 12 and 88 Fan 8 in a higher percentage. The TGW of 1189 with middle grain increased or decreased in a lower percentage after half spikelet removal and flag leaf removal. The different reactions on changing the structure of source sink for TGW of the various varieties showed that there existed difference in process of grain filling or the complementary ability of photosynthetic organs of these varieties, and this difference would make the varieties differently adaptabile to various kinds of environments. To breed varieties with high and stable yield, over high TGW is not needed, 45~50 grams of TGW is sutable. In central hilly area of Shichuan province where drought occurs constantly, varieties with middle sized grain weight (40~45 grams of TGW) may be good for distribution so as to get desirable yield level.

关 键 词：品种 小麦 千粒重 源库变化 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]