建筑物下爆破地震效应的研究——“爆破安全规程”的应用与修正  

Study on Explosion Vibration Effect under Buildings--Application and Revision of "Rules of Explosion Safety

作　　者：黄永祥[1] 黄浩雄[1] 李雄 魏正国[1] 李正光[1] 吕富洲 张云军 黎家佑[1] 朱振华 吕其昆 杨佐 赵庆和[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省地震局,云南昆明650041 [2]大姚铜矿,云南大姚675400 [3]昆明理工大学,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《地震研究》2002年第3期287-294,共8页Journal of Seismological Research

基　　金：中国有色总公司重点项目 (O2 14 )

摘　　要：叙述了在大姚铜矿的大药量爆破振动效应观测 ,研究了在建筑物下的爆破施工中 ,如何确保建筑物安全和保证安全生产最大用药量的问题 ,结合“爆破安全规程”药量指数m的应用与修正 ,从而得出正对爆破上方的建筑物地面爆破振动加速度a、速度v随爆心距地面投影r与爆心深度h之比值 (r/h)的衰减变化规律 ;发现临近正对爆心的地面振动有强化现象 ,并定义它为“极震”效应 ;定义“极震”效应系数N为正对爆心实测加速度a或速度v与用振动衰减普适式求得值a′或v′之比 (N =a/a′ ,或N =v/v′)。经多年的安全生产证明 ,采用振动衰减普适式 (药量指数m =1/3)和“极震”效应系数修正法 ,效果良好 ,获得生产最佳用药量 ,民房安全率达 98%左右。The observation of explosion vibration effect with large charge made in the Dayao copper mine is recounted and how to guarantee safety of the buildings in explosion with maximum charge is studied.Combining with application and revision of charge index m in'Rules of Explosion Safety',attenuation variation of explosion vibration acceleration a and velocity v in the surface of the buildings above explosion point with the ratio (r/h )of the explosion center projection to the surface r to the explosion depth h is given.It is found that vibration of the surface above the explosion center is strengthened,which is defined as'maximum vibration'effect.The maximum vibration effect coefficient is defined as the ratio of observational acceleration a or velocity v above the explosion center to a ′ or v ′ obtained by vibration attenuation universal formula(N= a/a′ or N= v/v ′).The practical explosion operation for many years shows that the vibration attenuation universal formula(with charge coefficient of m=1/3)and'maximum vibration'effect coefficient revision can obtain optimum charge with safety ratio 98% of buildings.

关 键 词：建筑物下爆破 “极震”效应系数 爆破衰减普适式 爆破安全规程 爆心 用药量 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]