四十里湾几种双壳贝类及污损动物的氮、磷排泄及其生态效应  

NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION AND ITS ECOLOGICAL EFFECT BY SEVERAL BIVALVES AND FOULING ANIMALS

作　　者：周毅[1] 杨红生[1] 何义朝[1] 张福绥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2002年第4期424-431,共8页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划项目 G1 9990 1 2 0 1 2号 ;国家自然科学基金项目 3 0 1 0 0 1 3 9;3 0 1 70 742号 ;中国科学院知识创新工程项目 KZCX2 40 3号;ZKCX2 2 1 1号 ;国家重点科技攻关项目 96 92 2 0 2 0 4号

摘　　要：对多种经济双壳贝类和养殖中的污损动物的N和P排泄进行了测定 ,包括排泄成分和排泄速率。在这些动物的N排泄中 ,NH4 N占主要部分 ,如笼式养殖的双壳贝类NH4 N占总N排泄的平均值范围为 70 8%— 80 1 % ;氨基酸是第二大排泄成分 ,平均占总N排泄的 1 0 %—2 5 %。其他形态的N ,如尿素、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐也有检出。在P排泄中 ,有机磷 (DOP)约占总溶解磷 (TDP)排泄的 1 5 %— 2 7%。据估算 ,整个四十里湾所养殖的双壳贝类在夏季每天将排泄4 5 4t总溶解氮 ,其中NH4 N 3 36t、Amino N 0 69t、Urea N 0 2t。同时每天磷的排泄为 0 5 7tTDP ,其中DOP 0 1 5t。对面积为 1 3× 1 0 4 hm2 的海区而言 ,贝类的N、P排泄分别能满足浮游植物生产所需N、P的 44%和 40 %。高密度的贝类养殖对养殖生态系统营养循环的影响是很显著的。附着动物 (柄海鞘等 )的N、P排泄及其对营养循环的影响也不容忽视。Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by several filter feeding mollusks,including Chlamys farreri,Argopecten irradians,Mytilus edulis,Crassostrea gigas,Ruditapes philippinarum and fouling organisms (Styela clave,Ciona intestinalis,Balanus amphitrite and Trapezium liratum) collected from coastal culture areas,were studied.NH 4 N was the predominant nitrogenous excretory product,which accounted for more than 70% (mean 70 8%-80 1%)of TN excreted by these organisms.Amino acids are the second main nitrogenous component excreted by all of the studied organisms,which constituted 10%-25% of TN product.Other nitrogenous components excreted by the species were urea,nitrite and nitrate,but no significant amount of uric acid was measured in these bivalve species.Organic phosphorus constituted 15%-27% of the total phosphorus excreted by these organisms.The calculated everyday excretion rates of N and P of all raft cultured bivalves in Sishili Bay in summer could provide 44% and 40% respectively of N and P demands for pelagic primary production.The raft cultured bivalves played an important role in nutrient regeneration in a coastal aquaculture ecosysten.

关 键 词：生态效应 双壳贝类 污损动物 氮 磷 排泄 营养循环 尿素 

分 类 号：Q959.223[生物学—动物学]