地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析  

Analyzing characters of formation attenuation on seismic records

作　　者：李生杰[1] 施行觉[1] 王宝善[1] 叶林[1] 孙道远[1] 温丹[1] 杨宏峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2002年第3期248-253,共6页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：李生杰 ,施行觉 ,王宝善 ,叶林 ,孙道远 ,温丹 ,杨宏峰 .地层衰减在地震记录上的特征分析 .石油地球物理勘探 ,2 0 0 2 ,37(3) :2 4 8～ 2 5 3本文采用理论计算与实验模拟的方法 ,对利用地震反射资料估算的地层衰减量的影响因素进行研究 ,认为在使用反射地震记录计算地层衰减量时 ,应对地层引起的地震波相位变化进行分析 ,正确选择计算窗口的位置。使用叠前道集进行衰减分析时 ,需充分考虑不同炮检距对所计算的衰减量精度的影响。本文的物理模拟结果表明 ,不同炮检距对地震波衰减的影响较大。近炮检距处地震波的衰减较之远炮检距的相应衰减量更能准确反映地层的岩性信息。本项研究对地震勘探工作具有一定的实用价值。The influence factors of formation attenuation estimated from seismic data are investigated by means of calculation in theory and simulation in laboratory in the paper. The authors considered that in order to determine the position of calculating window accurately, the variation of the seismic phase caused by formation attenuation should be analyzed when the latter is estimated from reflecting data. The effect of different offsets on the precision of estimated attenuation needs to be fully considered when using pre stack seismic gather to analyze attenuation. The result of physical simulation show that the different offsets have strong influence on seismic attenuation. The attenuation of seismic wave in near offset can more correctly reflect the lithologic information of formation than that in far offset. The study has some practical value in the routine seismic exploration.

关 键 词：地震衰减 地震记录 特征分析 品质因子 地震子波 正演记录 物理模型 炮检距 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]