多脉铁木家化栽培研究  

Domestication of Ostrya multinervis Rehd

作　　者：张若蕙[1] 刘洪谔[1] 沈锡康 季昌丰 王安国[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院 [2]文成县林业局 [3]临安县林业局

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》1991年第2期167-173,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

摘　　要：对天然生长的多脉铁木进行了数年的研究和家化栽培,发现它能适应山地环境,在杂木林内占据林冠上层,长成1级大乔木,树干圆满通直,生长快,材质与核桃木相仿。带苞种子(实为果实)千粒重8.23g,室内发芽率23％,种子经湿沙层积贮藏过冬,次年春用赤霉素(GA_3)100～150ppm溶液浸36h,播在沙混腐殖土(1:1)苗床上,盖芒萁,搭荫棚,覆以塑料薄膜,场圃出苗率达21％。1年生苗平均高75cm,2年生苗高达214cm,用1年生苗主子作插穗,以100ppm的ABT-1号生根粉液浸2h后扦播,成活率可达96％。以多脉铁木苗作根砧,嫁接天日铁木容易成活,当年苗高达82cm。用树高55cm以上的1龄苗在临安低山丘陵红黄壤地上用2m×2m的株行距造林,全部成活,但当年夏季特旱,约使30％幼树枯死,大部分生长受阻,年终树高平均70cm。结论认为,在年平均气温15℃以上,年降水量1600mm以上,土层深厚湿润,排水良好的红黄壤山地可选用多脉铁木营造纯林或混交林,以生产能代替珍贵核桃木的良材。A survey of wild stand of Ostrya multinervis and the domestication of this species were conducted for several years. It was found that the naturally growing tree species could well adapt to the mountainous envir-oments where its large trees occupied the highest level of canopy in the mixed broad-leafed forests. The tree grows fast, its trunk is tall and straight, and the wood is excellent. The bracteate seed (really a fruit) was weighted 8.23g per 1000 seeds and the seed germination in laboratory was 23% only. The seeds which had been stratified in moist sand in winter, saturated in 100～150 ppm solution of GA3 for 36 hours in the spring of next year, sown into a mixture of sand: humus soil 1:1, covered with drying grasses, and then shaded by plastic paper showed 21% seedling emargence in nursery. The 1-year-old seedlings obtained mean height 75 cm, and the 2-year-old seedlings 214cm. The stem cuttings of l-year-old seedling, treated by 100 ppm of ABT-1 rooting powder, 96% rooted. The grafting of O. rehderiana Chun scions onto the rootstocks of O. multinervis gave a satisfactory result, and the grafts grown to 82cm in height. The planted l-year-old seedling stocks, higher than 55 cm, on hillside of Lin'an county in red-yellow earth with a spacing of 2m×2m all surivel, but about 30% of it died in the critical dry summer of this year. Most plantings retarted in growth and averaged 70 cm hight at the end of the season. It was concluded that 0. multinervis may be cultivated in pure or mixed stands on hillside areas with a mean annual temperature of 15℃ and over, annuall rainfall of 1 600 mm and above, and moist deep yellow or red soils in order to produce valuable wood which can replace the walnut and comparable to it.

关 键 词：多脉铁木 铁木 家化 栽培 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]