美国草坪业的发展历史、现状及思考  

A historical perspective of development of American turf industry

作　　者：夏汉平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广东广州510650

出　　处：《草业科学》2002年第3期55-61,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国生态系统研究网络 (CERN );广东省团队项目(0 0 3 0 3 1) ;广东省科技攻关项目 (99M 0 5 40 1G)

摘　　要：American turf and its industry have made a huge development during the past 130 years, which may be divided into 4 stages: 1) the initiating stage from the year 1868, invention of the first lawnmover to the end of 19th century; 2) the popularizing stage from the beginning of the 20th century to 1940’s; 3) the stage of rapid development from 1950’s to 1970’s; and 4) the stage of healthy, steady development since 1970’s～80’s. The chief reasons resulting in a prompt development of American turf and it industry are: 1) lawn is regarded as the most wonderful component of landscape by American; 2) the owner will feel self satisfied and superior over others when he possesses a fine velvety carpet of grass; 3) companies and advertisements have given a great promotion in the development of the turf industry and brought a distinct economic benefit; 4) lots of scientific and technological fruits in this aspect have been continually achieved and spread; and 5) some governmental and nongovernmental organizations, e.g. the United States Department of Agriculture, and the United States Golf Association, have supported it energetically. Turf has become a typically American landscape feature through the development of 130 years, but it has also produced some negative influences on American ecological environment and human health; therefore it will be a tread, or even a necessity, to launch new types of turf that is beneficial to eco system’s health.American turf and its industry have made a huge development during the past 130 years, which may be divided into 4 stages: 1) the initiating stage from the year 1868, invention of the first lawnmover to the end of 19th century; 2) the popularizing stage from the beginning of the 20th century to 1940's; 3) the stage of rapid development from 1950's to 1970's; and 4) the stage of healthy, steady development since 1970's～80's. The chief reasons resulting in a prompt development of American turf and it industry are: 1) lawn is regarded as the most wonderful component of landscape by American; 2) the owner will feel self satisfied and superior over others when he possesses a fine velvety carpet of grass; 3) companies and advertisements have given a great promotion in the development of the turf industry and brought a distinct economic benefit; 4) lots of scientific and technological fruits in this aspect have been continually achieved and spread; and 5) some governmental and nongovernmental organizations, e.g. the United States Department of Agriculture, and the United States Golf Association, have supported it energetically. Turf has become a typically American landscape feature through the development of 130 years, but it has also produced some negative influences on American ecological environment and human health; therefore it will be a tread, or even a necessity, to launch new types of turf that is beneficial to eco system's health.

关 键 词：美国 草坪业 发展历史 现状 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]