历史的真意——读尼采《历史对于人生的利弊》有感  

The Intention of History ——After reading Advantages and Disadvantages That History Gives Life by Nietzsche

作　　者：罗小洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学系,北京100875

出　　处：《山西大学师范学院学报》2001年第3期44-46,共3页Journal of Teachers College of Shanxi University

摘　　要：一个真正体验的人 ,爱着自己的生命 ,爱着行动本身 ,可称为一种历史的状态 ,这样的人经常经历着一种“无历史的瞬间” ,一颗无外在目的的任性的、自由的心灵 ,往往发挥了主体最大的能量而创造出历史和个人的伟大事业。在对历史的态度中 ,“纪念”的历史忽略了历史的客观真实 ,“批判”的历史不可能摆脱历史的内在继承 ,纪念的历史、批判的历史在价值意义上都无法与体验的历史相比。人文学科是需要体验的学科 ,只有体验历史 ,才能学习历史、充实灵魂和创造历史 ,而只有真诚的人才能成为历史的真正接受者、继承者和创造者。自然科学、社会科学必须以人文学科为底蕴 ,一旦沦落为“无情”便会将人类推向毁灭 ;同理 ,教育必须培养对人类文明史有“情”的学习者和继承者 ,无历史体验的教育便是无教育 。What a truly experiencing person loves his own life as well as action itself may be called a historical state.Such a person always experiences a kind of 'instant without history'.A self-willed free soul with no external purpose often makes historical and personal achievements by giving full play to his energy.In the attitude toward history,the 'commemorative' history ignores historical object truthfulness,and the 'critical' history impossibly frees itself from historical internal relations.Therefore,both the commemorative history and the critical history cannot be compared with the experiential history in value.Humanistic studies are those which need to be experienced.Only when one experiences history can he learn history,enrich his soul and create history.And only those who are genuine can become real acceptors,successors,and creators of history.Natural and social sciences must depend on the details of the humanistic studies which once sink to ruthlessness,history would push human beings to destruction.Likewise,education must train learners and successors who are strongly attached to human civilized history.Education without experience of history is uneducation;then,education is not in a position to have effect on the creation of history.

关 键 词：尼采 《历史对于人生的利弊》 历史哲学 历史观 人文学科 历史教育 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学]