苏打盐渍土壤微咸水淋洗改良技术研究  

Sodium Bicarbonate Saline Soil Improvement Using Gentle Salty Water Leaching Techniques

作　　者：李取生[1] 王志春[1] 李秀军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春地理研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《地理科学》2002年第3期342-348,共7页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关课题 (任务书编号:2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B0 5 );中国科学院知识创新项目资助

摘　　要：研究了土壤粘土特性与土壤碱化的关系和淋洗水的矿化度对土壤渗透性的影响 ,提出了微咸水改良苏打盐渍土的技术思路。探讨了淋洗用微咸水的水质标准、作物耐盐碱标准、作物需水量及灌溉淋洗定额等参数及其确定方法 ,通过田间试验 。The sodium bicarbonate saline soils contain plenty of clay minerals such as montmorillonite, which absorb a lot of exchangeable sodium cation in their crystals. The clay particles with highly diffusion and very low hydraulic permeability become a main obstacle for soil improvement. According to 'effect of added electrolyte' and chemical exchange theory, the techniques using gentle salty water leaching for sodium bicarbonate saline soil improvement is proposed. Selection of water quality or mineralization for leaching depends on the concentration, SAR of the saturated extract solution of the soil needed to be reclaimed; the crop's salt tolerance; the relationship among EC, SAR and infiltration. The water quality for leaching is generally 1-3g/L. But as long as its EC is smaller than that of soil saturated extract solution, the saline soil would be improved by leaching. Determination of the crop water requirement is the key problem for leaching fraction design. The Hargreaves method which is relatively simple and accurate was used for crop water requirement determination in experiment area. Perennially, the water requirement of wheat Chinese cabbage, corn and soybean is 528.5mm, 525.4mm and 479.4mm respectively; the water deficit is 127mm, 139.1mm and 104.5mm respectively; the minimum leaching amount is 31.8mm, 34.8mm and 26.1mm respectively. If increasing leaching fraction, the soil improvement will be more quickly. To calculate the crop water requirement and leaching amount for a specific year, the specific climate data such as temperature, precipitation are needed. The field experiment shows that the salt content, ESP of arable soil layer decreased 28%-50% and 80% respectively two years later by 250mm leaching fraction. The possible planting crop was only sunflower, but now can be soybean and corn. The land economic benefit is doubled.

关 键 词：苏打盐渍土 微咸水改良 土壤渗透性 灌溉淋洗定额 水质标准 矿化度 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]