刺五加、短梗五加的开花动态及繁育系统的比较研究  

Comparative Studies on Floral Dynamics and Breeding System Between Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus

作　　者：刘林德[1] 祝宁[2] 申家恒[1] 赵惠勋[2] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院生物科学与技术系 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第7期1041-1048,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目( 394 70 1 30);林业部重点课题资助项目 ( 96 -2 8) ;烟台师范学院博士科研启动基金资助项目

摘　　要：野外定位观测刺五加 ( Eleutherococcussenticosus)、短梗五加 ( E.sessiliflorus)的开花进程、花朵的功能形态特征和开花动态 ,用杂交指数 ( OCI)、花粉 -胚珠比 ( P/ O)、去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法分别测定刺五加、短梗五加的繁育系统。结果显示 ,刺五加种群、短梗五加种群的花期均持续 1个月左右 ,刺五加比短梗五加早开花 2 0 d左右 ,二者均有雄蕊先熟现象 ;刺五加是单全异株植物 ,种群内既具有雄株、又具有雌株、还具有两性株 ,繁育系统主要为异交 ,需要传粉者活动才能完成授粉过程。与刺五加不同 ,短梗五加仅具两性花 ,但繁育系统也以异交为主。短梗五加两性花中的雌、雄器官既在空间上分离、又在时间上分离 ,只能进行同株异花间或异株、异花间传粉才能受精结实。Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important to understand reproduction of plant population.This paper, by means of observations on outcrossing index and pollen-ovule ratio, emasculation, bagging and artifical pollination, studied the reproduction characteristics between Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus in Maoershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station (127°30′～127°39′E, 45°20′～45°26′N ), in Northeastern China. Especially, this paper focuses on the flowering course, functional floral morphology, flowering dynamics, and breeding system for both species. From these experiments, the flowering span of Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus populations are about 30～40 days. The life spans, sexes, and ages of the flowers for the species of E. senticosus are quite different. Usually, the flowering time of E.senticosus population is 20 days earlier, and 10 days shorter than that of E.sessiliflorus population. For individual male flower and most fruitless bisexual flowers, the life span of E.senticosus is only about 5 days. It is about 9 days or over 9 days for the female and fructiferous bisexual flowers for both species. After flowering for 9 days, some female and total fructiferous bisexual flowers of E.senticosus , and total flowers of E.sessiliflorus developed into fruits, others might be wilted or shed in latter days. There are a lot of differences in functional floral morphology for both species. On the day of anthesis, the lengths between anthers and petals of male, female, and bisexual flowers of E.senticosus , and the flowers of E.sessiliflorus are 4.6±0.1mm, 1.6±0.4mm, 3.8±0.2mm and 4.0±0.1mm respectively, and the lengths from anthers to stigma are 5.2±0.2mm, 2.8±0.2mm, 3.0±0.5mm and 4.0±0.1mm respectively by micro-ruler measurements. The changes of colour and shape for stigmas and petals, are different between both species, and also among the different sexes of E.senticosus . For example, the stigma shapes have no changes, 5-lobed or 4-lobed,

关 键 词：刺五加 短梗五加 开花动态 繁育系统 花粉-胚珠比 人工授粉 传粉生态 比较研究 

分 类 号：Q949.7[生物学—植物学]