温、湿度对粘虫蛾飞行能源物质利用的影响  

Influences of Temperature and Humidity on Utilization of Energy Substances During Flight in the Moths of Oriental Armyworwm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

作　　者：蔡彬[1] 江幸福[1] 罗礼智[1] 曹雅忠[1] 刘悦秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第7期1068-1074,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目部分研究内容 ( G2 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 0 6 )

摘　　要：系统研究了不同温、湿度对粘虫蛾飞行能源物质消耗的影响。结果表明 ,温、湿度对成虫飞行能源物质消耗有显著影响。在适宜的温、湿度下飞行时 ,粘虫蛾主要飞行能源物质 (甘油三酯和糖原 )消耗最少 ,其飞行单位距离所需的甘油三酯也最少 ,即能源利用效率最高。随着温、湿度从适宜到不适宜 ,甘油三酯消耗有逐渐增多的趋势。但温、湿度对成虫飞行能源物质消耗会因蛾龄及性别的不同而异。在所测试的几种温、湿度下 (高温 35℃除外 ) ,5日龄成虫在飞行中消耗的甘油三酯最多 ,低龄和高龄时消耗均较少。高温下飞行时 ,雄蛾比雌蛾消耗的能源物质多 ,而在高湿或低湿条件下 ,雌蛾比雄蛾消耗的多。进一步对影响成虫飞行能源物质消耗的海藻糖酶活力及呼吸强度研究表明 ,温、湿度对海藻糖酶活性有明显影响。在适宜的温、湿度下 ,酶的活性高 ,反之 ,酶的活性降低 ,其中高温对酶活性的抑制作用比低温明显 ,但高湿和低湿对酶活性的抑制作用基本一致。成虫呼吸强度随温度的升降而升降。飞行初期成虫呼吸强度急剧增加 ,但 0 .5 h后开始下降并维持在一个较稳定的水平。根据所获结果对温、湿度与粘虫蛾飞行能源物质消耗之间的内在联系进行了讨论。The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a long distance migratory insect, it has a stronger flight potential whose longest flight distance can reach 1400 km according to the results of Insect mark-Release-Recapture techniques. In laboratory it also exhibited stronger flight potential relative to other known migratory noctuids insects using tethered-flight, the largest flight distance and flight duration exceed 430 km and 40 hours respectively. Although the study on flight capacity affected by various environmental and ecological conditions such as flight temperature and humidity has form into relative conclusions, the reason and mechanism how they affected have not investigated. Because of the oriental armyworm has to consume a lot of flight energy substances during the flight, here we report the consumption and utilization efficiency of flight energy substances in the moths flown in different ambient temperature and humidity in laboratory conditions. The results indicated that flight temperature and humidity has significantly effects on the consumption and utilization of flight energy substances. The moth consumed less energy materials including triglyceride and glycogen when they flew in the suitable temperature of 18～23℃ and suitable humidity of about 70% RH and consumed more when the ambient temperature and humidity beyond these scopes. In addition,the energy utilization efficiency was also greatly affected by temperature and humidity. The unit distance flown by the moth,therefore cost less energy materials at the temperature of 18～28℃ and humidity of 75%～95% RH while cost more when temperature and humidity beyond these scopes. The consumption of energy substances in the moths during flight also differed with moth age and sex. The triglyceride consumed during flight in the moth of 5 days after eclosion was much more than that of others in the tested temperature and humidity except 35℃, while moths of 1、3 and 7、9 days after eclosion were also consumed less. Consumption of energy sub

关 键 词：湿度 粘虫蛾 飞行 能源物质利用 温度 昆虫 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]