蚯蚓粪对黄瓜苗期土传病害的抑制作用  

Study on Suppressness Effect of Vermicompost to Soil-borne Disease of Cucumber Seedlings

作　　者：胡艳霞[1] 孙振钧[1] 周法永[2] 刘小秧[2] 曹坳程[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生态与环境科学系,北京100094 [2]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京100872 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第7期1106-1115,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 39770 1 0 5 )

摘　　要：试验表明 ,蚯蚓对农业有机废弃物进行生物降解的产物——蚯蚓粪 ,在一定程度上能够控制蔬菜类植物黄瓜苗期土传病害的发生 ,并表现出明显的促生长效应。蚯蚓粪控制病害的程度与蚯蚓粪的量有一定的关系 ,当蚯蚓粪与土体积比为 2 0 %时 ,控制病害的程度最大 ,防效达 96 .1 %。这种作用主要与蚯蚓粪中的微生物性质有关 ,蚯蚓粪能大大提高土壤中的微生物量和微生物活性 ,从而大大增强了病土中与病原菌进行能源竞争的微生物的竞争能力。同时从新鲜蚯蚓粪中成功分离到拮抗活性强、抗菌谱广的拮抗微生物。初步研究结果说明 ,一般性抑制和特殊性抑制两种机制在蚯蚓粪对病害的控制中起作用。Vermicomposting is a biological degradation of organic wastes by earthworms. Some earthworms can consume a wide range of organic residues such as sewage sludge, animal wastes and crop residues. The end product is known as earthworm cast or vermicompost. Recently, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer for the cultivation of plants has been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive effect of vermicompost produced from cattle manure by Eisenia fetida against some soil-borne vegetable plants seedling diseases. So the application of vermicompost can be enlarged,and the most important is that it will decrease the use of chemical pesticide in agricultural production.The methods used in this study contained culture plate analysis and pot bioassay to test the suppressive effect of vermicompost,the pot experiments had 6 treatments: CK (autoclaved soil), 10%V (10% Vermicompost+autoclaved soil), 20%V, 30%V, 50%V, 20% autoclaved Vermicompost. Every treatment repeated for 3 times, the cucumber was infected by Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum. And to isolate microbial communities using diluted flat plate techniques. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). FDA is hydrolyzed by a number of enzymes in living cells, such as proteases, lipases and esterases. The reaction yields water-soluble fluorescein from water insoluble FDA.\;The results showed that when adding vermicompost to the center of PDA medium coated with Fusarium oxysporum conidia suspension, A large inhibition zone surrounded it after 15~20days cultivation, the vermicompost induced a strong inhibition of growth of Fusarium oxysporum on agar plates. Whereas the medium without vermicompost and with sterilized vermicompost were all covered with white mycelium. At the same time, a cucumber seedling bioassay was developed, It indicated that the disease incidence was lower when amended with vermicompost. The decrease of disease incidence was connected to the amount of ver

关 键 词：蚯蚓粪 黄瓜 苗期土传病害 抑制作用 拮抗微生物 

分 类 号：S436.421[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]