施用EM堆肥对土壤螨群落结构的影响  

Effects of EM Compost on Soil Mites Community in Farmland

作　　者：郑长英[1] 胡敦孝[1] 李维炯[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫学系,北京100094 [2]中国农业大学农业生态系,北京100094

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第7期1116-1121,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"攻关资助项目 ( 96 2 2 0 91 0 1 )

摘　　要：对不同施肥条件下农田中的土壤螨进行调查 ,结果表明 :( 1 ) EM堆肥区土壤有机层加深 ,土壤螨垂直分布下限下移 ;( 2 )施用 EM堆肥区土壤螨数量多 ,物种丰富 ,分布均匀。长期施用 EM堆肥可以形成多层次的食物网络 ,传统堆肥区土壤螨数量和种类较化肥区多 ;单纯施用化肥的农田 ,土壤螨数量和种类呈减少趋势 ,群落结构稳定性差 ,土壤生物间的联系向单一化方向发展。Community structure of soil mites in the farmland treated with three different fertilizers was studied in Qu zhou experiment station, China Agricultural University from April to September 1997. Recent years, inputting more and more chemical fertilizers and pesticides into farmland has disturbed sustainable soil utilization. Alternative methods are imperative to be searched. Effective Microorganisms (EM) compost is a compound fertilizer with many microorganisms. What will happen by using EM compost to ecological environment of farming layer? The research purpose was to study the effects of using different fertilizers on soil mites in farmland. Soil mites, the most abundant group of small arthropods in the soil, were utilized to evaluate its ecological benefits in different fertilizer. The survey was carried out in different plots applied with chemical fertilizer, traditional compost and EM compost respectively for 1 year, 5 year and 6 year. Soil samples were gathered in 0~10cm and in 10~20 cm.The number of soil mites was determined, and the richness, evenness, diversity index of soil mites community were calculated. The results can be summarized as follows:\;(1) Change of evenness was the most stable and the The diversity index and number of soil mites were the highest except August in 1 year EM plots among three different treatments. The change of richness (namely number of species) was 4～16, 2～13, 2～12 in the EM compost, traditional compost, chemical fertilizer treatments respectively during six month of 1-year. \;(2) Difference in soil mite numbers was significant at 0.05 level under using different fertilizer for 6 year, the highest was in EM compost, followed by traditional compost. Diversity index was higher in the EM compost than in traditional compost and was much higher than in chemical fertilizer within every month during six inspected months. The change of richness were 6～20, 3～16, 1～7 species in the EM compost, traditional compost, chemical fertilizer respectively, during inspected six mont

关 键 词：EM堆肥 土壤螨 群落结构 传统堆肥 化肥 农田 施肥 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]