多用途树种——铁力木  

A tree with many uses--Messua ferrea

作　　者：杨清[1] 马信祥[1] 程必强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《广西植物》2002年第4期327-330,共4页Guihaia

基　　金：中科院和云南省政府共同资助的重大项目

摘　　要：珍稀树种铁力木的生长具有明显的节律性 ,一年有 3次生长的高峰期 ,10月下旬至次年 1月为生长的高峰期 ,树高生长量占全年的 6 0 .3% ,胸径为全年的 54 .5% ,其树高、胸径月均生长量是其他月份的 2 .7倍和 2 .4倍。一般种植后 10～ 12年即可开花结果 ,开花期为 6月中旬至 7月中旬 ,果实成熟期是 10月底至11月 ;在潮湿的林下 ,落下的种子可自然萌发长成幼苗 ;种子发芽率的高低与贮藏条件有关 ,鲜种发芽率为80 %～ 10 0 %。种子含油脂为 79% ,提炼的种子油是西双版纳傣族佛寺里主要琰佛用的植物油。鲜花出油率为 0 .0 8%～ 0 .11% ,主要成分为 β-马榄烯 ( 36 .39% ) ,其次为 β-芹子烯 ( 31.14 % ) ,是化妆品或日用化工天然的调香原料。The rare plant-Messua ferrea has three growth periods in a year, the growth peak period is from Oct. to Jan. of next year. The growth height at this period is 60.3% of the whole year and the BDH is 54.5%, and their growth rates are 2.4 and 2.7 times than the other months'. The plant usually begins to blossom at the age of ten to twelve, its blossom period is Jun.to Jul., the mature period of fruit is Oct. to Jan. of the next year. The dropped seeds can germinate under nature condition, the germination percentage are relation to storage condition and usually 80%～100% to the fresh seeds. The content of oil in the seed is 79%, which is the main plant oil of Dai people in the Xishuangbanna prefecture. The essential oil of the fresh flowers is 0.08%～0.11%, its main components are β-maaliene(36.39%)and β-selinene(31.14%), it is also the nature spice of cosmetics and industrial chemicals for daily use.

关 键 词：多用途树种 铁力木 珍稀植物 藤黄科 生长发育习性 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q949.758.5[农业科学—林学]