中国苦荞麦及其近缘种的遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Fagopyrum tataricum and Its Related Species in China

作　　者：赵佐成[1] 周明德 王中仁[3] 侯鑫[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]国际植物遗传资源研究所,北京100081 [3]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放实验室,北京100093 [4]内蒙古大学生物系,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》2002年第8期723-734,共12页

基　　金：国际植物遗传资源研究所资助;中国科学院成都地奥集团科学基金资助~~

摘　　要：采用等位酶电泳技术测定了四川、云南省 2 7个县、市的苦荞麦及其近缘种共 8种 1变种 5 0个居群的遗传多样性和分化。经过 7个酶系统的 12个位点的检测 ,完成了遗传多样性、杂合性基因多样度比率、遗传距离和遗传一致度的测量。结果表明 ,栽培苦荞麦的遗传多样性较低 ,各种野荞麦的遗传多样性较高。这些种的近交繁育系数F值 - 0 5 4～ - 0 80 ,为随机交配的居群 ,杂合体过多 ;营养繁殖为主的金荞麦的FST 值最高 ,相对较多的遗传多样性存在于居群间 ,长柄野荞麦相对较少的遗传多样性存在于居群间 ,更接近于自由交配。苦荞麦及其近缘种种间的遗传一致度平均值 5 5 30 %～ 6 5 2 0 % ,与种子植物属内种间遗传一致度平均值接近。指出细柄野荞麦是与栽培的苦荞麦和荞麦的亲缘关系最近的野生种。Genetic diversity and differentiation among 50 populations of total 8 species and 1 variety of Fagopyrum tataricum and its related species from 27 counties of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, Southwest China were investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Seven enzymesat 12 loci were assessed. The result shows that among 8 species and 1 variety, inbreeding coefficient is -0.54～-0.80, which means hterozogote excess. Higher genetic diversity was found in the wild related species of F. tataricum than in F. tataricum. F. dibotrys has the highest F st value, which means that more genetic variations exist among its populations. The lowest F st value shows that less genetic variations exist among population of F. gracilipes whic is close to panmictic There is almost no genetic differentiation between populations of F. statice . Genetic similarity is 55.3%～65.2% between species of F. tataricum and its related species, which is close to the average level among species in seed plants. According to the cluster analysis of genetic similarity, F. gracillipes is most close to F. tataricum and F. esculentum . Jinsha River region is the distributional and original center of F. tataricum and its related species.

关 键 词：中国 苦荞麦 近缘种 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]