稗类(Echinochloa spp.)植物的开花生物学特性  

Biological characters of anthesis of Echinochloa spp.

作　　者：宋小玲[1] 强胜[1] 徐言宏[1] 刘琳莉[1] 乔丽雅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学杂草研究室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2002年第3期12-15,共4页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技部转基因专项基金资助项目<抗除草剂转基因作物安全性评价技术研究>(E2 0 0 10 2 )

摘　　要：对稗属 (EchinochloaDeauv .)常见种类〔稗Echinochloacrusgalli (L .)Beauv .;无芒稗E .crusgallivar.mitis(Pursh)Peterm .;西来稗E .crusgallivar.zelayensis (H .B .K .)Hitchc .;细叶旱稗E .crusgallivar.praticolaOhwi;旱稗E .hispidula (Retz.)Nees和光头稗E .colonum (L .)Link〕的开花过程和节律 ,温度、光周期、晴天和阴雨天对其中部分稗类植物开花的影响以及套袋条件下无芒稗和旱稗的结实率进行了研究。结果表明 ,不同稗类植物的开花的过程基本相似 ,从颖壳微微张口到闭合大约需 2 0～ 30min ,但花药伸出颖壳后 ,散落花粉的过程很快 ,颖壳闭合后柱头外露率达 10 0 %。稗类植物每穗开花持续时间较长 ,一般为 2 0～ 2 5d ,随种类的不同略有变化 ;稗类植物每穗每天开花数量的变化趋势基本呈抛物线状 ,每天的开花比例变化较平缓 ,即使在开花高峰期 ,开花数也只占总数的10 %～ 15 %,开花高峰期因稗草种类的不同略有变化 ,但都在始花后 11～ 15d左右。每日的开花节律为 70 %～80 %的颖花在 7:0 0之前开 ,15 %～ 2 0 %在 7:0 0 - 8:30开 ,8:30之后零星开花 ,10 :30尚未见开花。温度、光周期、晴天和阴雨天对开花都有一定的影响。不同条件下的结实率没有明显差异。The process and rhythm of anthesis of Echinochloa spp. 〔E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv.; E. crusgalli var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm.; E. crusgalli var. zelayensis (H.B.K.) Hitchc.; E. crusgalli var. praticola Ohwi.; E. hispidula (Retz.) Nees.; E. colonum (L.) Link.〕 and the effects of temperature, photoperiod , sunshine and rainy days on anthesis of some of them were investigated. The setting rate of E. crusgalli var. mitis and E. hispidula was studied under different condition. The results showed that the anthesis process of different species was similar, with about 20-30 min from opening to shut of glume. Pollen dispersal were very quickly after anther growing out the glumes. The rate of stigmas in out was 100% after anthesis. The continuance of anthesis of per spica was very long, about 20-25 d, although with slight difference among different species. The anthesis rhythm of per spica was similar to parabola with tempered changes that the percent of anthesis was about 10%-15% in anthesis peak period at 11-15 d after ahthesis beginning. The daily rhythm of anthesis was that 77%-80% of those opened before 7:00, 15%-20% during 7:00-8:30, sporadic after 8:30 and no anthesis after 10:30. Temperature, photoperiod and weather effected the daily anthesis rhythm. The setting rate had no significant difference under different condition.

关 键 词：稗类植物 开花特性 生物学特性 杂草 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]