近50年东北地区旱涝时空特征分析  

Spatial-temporal Feature Analysis of Drought and Flood in Northeast China in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：韩冬梅[1,2] 杨贵羽[2] 严登华[2] 方宏阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水电学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2014年第6期5-8,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951100);中国工程院咨询项目(2012-ZD-13)

摘　　要：针对水旱灾害对东北地区的影响,基于东北地区1746~1950年的水旱灾害资料和95个水文气象站1961~2010年逐月降水资料,分析了东北地区历史时期旱涝情况、基于标准化降水指数的近50年旱涝时空变化特征及四季旱涝演变特征。结果表明,东北地区1961~2010年旱涝变化特征与历史分析结果基本吻合,旱涝发生频次有增加趋势,且西北部发生干旱较东南部频繁,洪涝则是南部发生频数高于北部;东北地区近50年降水呈显著下降趋势,气候区域干旱化,其中东北部属于干旱多发区,西南部与中部为洪涝多发区;东北部春季干旱覆盖面积最大,受灾最严重,冬季次之,以黑龙江省为最;夏、秋季洪涝较为频繁,以西南部为最。For the impact of flood and drought in the Northeast China, based on the data of drought and flood during 1746 --1950 and monthly precipitation data of 95 hydrological stations in the Northeast China during 1961-2010, the historical drought and flood is analyzed, and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of drought and flood and each season in recent 50a in the Northeast China are also analyzed based on the standard precipitation index. The results show that variation characteristics of drought and flood during 1961-2010 are basically consistent with the historical analysis in the Northeast China; the frequency of drought and flood appears upward trend and the occurrence of drought in the northwest is more than the southeast, flood in the southern is higher than the north; annual precipitation in northeast appears a sig- nificant downward trend in recent 50-years, the climate trends drought, arid-prone areas lies in the northeast part, and the southwest and central part are flood-prone areas; the covering of spring drought in the northeast part is the largest and the most flood affected, the second in winter, especially in Heilongjiang Province, for the most; while flood in summer and autumn are more frequent, and in the southwest, for the most.

关 键 词：干旱 洪涝 年际尺度 季节尺度 SPI 东北地区 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]