面向空心涡轮叶片的氧化铝基陶瓷铸型高温强化制造  

High-temperature Strengthening Manufacturing of Alumina-based Ceramic Molds Used for Hollow Turbine Blades

作　　者：刘涛[1,2] 鲁中良[1,2] 苗恺[1] 李涤尘[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049 [2]先进航空发动机协同创新中心,北京100191

出　　处：《航空学报》2014年第7期2072-2080,共9页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划(2013CB035703);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金~~

摘　　要：针对航空空心叶片氧化铝基陶瓷铸型高温性能较差的问题,研究了不同浸渍材料对氧化铝基陶瓷铸型高温性能的影响规律。结果表明:未经强化处理的陶瓷铸型力学性能较差,高温(1 500℃)强度不足0.5MPa,室温(20℃)强度不足10MPa。经硅溶胶、硅酸乙酯水解液、YCl3溶液以及MgCl2溶液4种不同浸渍液强化处理后陶瓷铸型力学性能有不同程度的提高,其中YCl3溶液以及MgCl2溶液强化效果不理想,陶瓷铸型力学性能没有明显改善,且MgCl2溶液浸渍强化后陶瓷铸型存在较大的体积膨胀,不能满足使用要求;硅溶胶、硅酸乙酯水解液浸渍强化可显著改善陶瓷铸型的高温性能,硅溶胶强化处理后,陶瓷铸型1 500℃高温强度可达10MPa左右,满足空心涡轮叶片定向凝固过程中对铸型高温强度的要求。通过复合浸渍的方法制造了一体化陶瓷铸型并成功浇铸了空心涡轮叶片。To solve the problem that alumina-based ceramic molds usually perform badly at high temperature, different kinds of impregnating materials have been compared. Results show that molds without strengthening perform badly with the strength less than 0.5 MPa （1 500 ℃ ） and 10 MPa （20 ℃ ）, while molds with strengthening perform differently. Molds im- pregnated with YCI3 or MgCl2 solution are not ideal, and there is a big expansion in the molds impregnated with MgCl2 solu- tion, which do not meet the application requirements. While by impregnating with silica solution or ethyl silicate hydrolyzate, the mechanical property of ceramic molds can be improved significantly. After impregnating with silica solution, the high- temperature strength is improved to 10 MPa （1 500 ℃ ）, meeting the demand of fabricating blades during unidirectional so- lidification. Shrinkage of the molds is restrained by compound impregnating, and at last a hollow turbine blade is successfully fabricated by casting.

关 键 词：涡轮 整体式陶瓷铸型 氧化铝基陶瓷 高温强度 浸渍强化 

分 类 号：V254.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG221.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]