潮汕传统农村住宅热环境实测研究及其现代启示  

Field Study and Modern Enlightenment on Thermal Environment of Traditional Vernacular Dwellings in Chaoshan Area

作　　者：金玲[1] 赵立华[2] 张宇峰[2] 王浩[2] 孟庆林[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院,广州510642 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《建筑科学》2014年第6期27-32,48,共7页Building Science

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目"传统民居节能技术继承改良研究"(2011BAJ08B01);国家自然科学基金项目"乡村建筑热环境与节能技术理论研究"(51038005);"湿热地区空气流动对人体热舒适的影响研究"(50978102)

摘　　要：通过对潮汕地区的一栋典型传统民居进行夏、冬两季室内外热环境的实测分析,总结了当地传统住宅中与湿热气候相适应的元素和存在的问题。研究结果表明:潮汕地区夏季半开放空间综合热环境优于封闭的室内空间,传统住宅的天井在白天有显著的热缓冲作用,夜晚有热压通风的潜力,利用天井所形成的半开放空间有助于维持人体对温度变化的适应能力;传统农宅使用可变的围护结构——屏风可以改善冬季室内热环境,保证了全年最大限度的利用自然通风及太阳辐射;潮汕地区传统农宅室外风环境较好,应在厅井式传统住宅北向墙面合理设置开口,以利于组织有效的室内自然通风。Through a field study on indoor and outdoor thermal environments of a traditional vernacular dwelling in Chaoshan Area in winter and summer,some factors that local vernacular dwelling adapts to hot humid climate and other existing problems were summarized.The results show that the integrated thermal environment of semi-open space in summer was superior to the closed indoor space because the semi-open space formed by the courtyard which is characterized by significant heat reduction in the day and thermal pressure ventilation at night can help human body adapt to the temperature variation.The variable envelope-screen in the traditional vernacular dwelling was used to better the indoor thermal environment in winter,thus making the most use of natural ventilation and solar radiation all year round.Due to good outdoor wind environment of traditional vernacular dwellings in Chaoshan Area,it is advised that the northern wall of courtyard-type traditional vernacular dwellings is provided with openings to realize indoor natural ventilation effectively.

关 键 词：农村 传统民居 热环境 半开放空间 可变围护结构 

分 类 号：TU241.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU119.22