清末版权意识的萌动——《老残游记》发表与行世的版权史意义  

On the Sprout of Authors' Awareness of Copyright in Late Qing:Implication from the Publication of The Travels of Lao Can

作　　者：陆楠楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学中国语言文学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2014年第7期104-116,128,共13页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务(项目编号:CXTD5_07)专项资金资助

摘　　要：西方学界普遍认为,中国直到清朝末年,仍然处于版权发展的初级阶段,即此前的版权保护,仅仅是皇权对思想的控制,或是属于出版商的特权,与作者无关。这一观念甚至影响到许多中国学者,将1910年《大清著作权律》作为中国著作人版权意识的起始点。但本文认为,版权保护是随着印刷术的发展产生的,中国漫长的出版史中,原本就包含有尊重著作人版权意识的传统。以1903年至1905年间围绕《老残游记》出版过程的一桩文坛公案为例,刘鹗因编辑擅自篡改稿件,从《绣像小说》撤稿,表现出著作人对于个人版权的极大重视。这既是由于清末出版业的飞速发展,从根本上改变了文学作品的生产模式,使"版权"成为一个重要的议题;同时也是中国传统的"润笔"发展为现代的"稿酬"制度过程中必然产生的结果。当然,《文明小史》对于《老残游记》的公然抄袭,被作者、读者与编辑集体忽视,又间接说明了这种朴素的著作人版权意识与以法律法规为基础的现代版权意识还有一定距离。Western scholars have erroneously thought that the development of China's copyright was still at its nascent stage until the late Qing.The then copyright merely served as the imperial tool to control the mindset of the ruled and was the privilege of the publishers who had nothing to do with the author.This misperception has even made some Chinese scholars believe that Chinese authors began to be aware of copyright only after the enforcement of the Copyright Law of Qing Dynasty in 1910.This paper refutes this misperception by arguing that in China's long publishing history,copyright of the author has always been well respected.After reviewing the publishing process of The Travels of Lao can between 1903 and1905,this paper argues that the author,Liu E,showed great attention to individual copyright by withdrawing the manuscript from publishing on the Novel of Tapestry Portrait because of the editor's unauthorized tampering of the manuscript.Moreover,the awareness of copyright was a corollary result of the introduction of the modern royalties system to replace the traditional remuneration system to the publishing industry of the late Qing.Nevertheless,the fact that the blatant plagiarism of the History of Civilization from The Travels of Lao Can was collectively neglected by the author,readers and editors shows that this simple awareness of copyright in that period was still some distance away from the modern law and regulation-based copyright.

关 键 词：版权 著作人 刘鹗 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D923.41[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史]