不同剂量右美托咪定复合氯胺酮用于患儿室间隔缺损封堵术的麻醉效果  

Anesthetic efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine in pediatric patients undergoing closure of ventricular septal defect

作　　者：李占军[1] 韩曙君[1] 董兰[1] 刘多辉[1] 李立纲[1] 蔡俊刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]武警总医院麻醉科,北京市100039

出　　处：《中华麻醉学杂志》2014年第4期402-404,共3页Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology

摘　　要：目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪定复合氯胺酮用于患儿室间隔缺损封堵术的麻醉效果.方法 选择需介入治疗的室间隔缺损患儿90例,年龄4～11岁,体重12 ～ 47 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组（n=30）：D1组、D2组和D3组.入室后静脉注射阿托品0.02 mg/kg和氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg麻醉诱导,随后给予右美托咪定负荷量0.5 μg/kg,10 min输注完毕,然后D1组、D2组、D3组分别静脉输注右美托咪定0.7、1.0、1.2 μg·kg-1 ·h-1至术毕,患儿意识消失后行股动脉穿刺并介入治疗.术中有体动等麻醉变浅情况单次追加氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg.于入室（T0）、氯胺酮给药后1min（T1）、5 min（T2）、右美托咪定负荷量输注完毕即刻（T3）、输注维持量后15 min（T4）、术毕即刻（T5）、苏醒即刻（T6）记录BIS值、BP、HR和SpO2,记录氯胺酮总用量、氯胺酮和阿托品追加情况、手术时间、苏醒时间、呼吸抑制和术后躁动等不良反应的发生情况.结果 与T0时比较,T4.5时3组BIS值降低,D2组和D3组HR降低（P＜0.05）,3组BP和SpO2各时点差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.与D1组比较,D2组和D3组阿托品追加率升高,氯胺酮总用量减少,氯胺酮追加率和呼吸抑制的发生率降低（P＜0.05）.D2组和D3组氯胺酮追加率为0.与D2组比较,D3组阿托品追加率升高（P＜0.05）.3组手术时间和苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.所有患儿均未见苏醒期躁动发生.结论 患儿室间隔缺损封堵术中采用氯胺酮1.0 mg/kg麻醉诱导,继以右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg负荷、1.0μg·kg-1 ·h-1维持可产生良好的麻醉效果,且不良反应少,是较适宜的麻醉组合.Objective To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine in the pediatric patients undergoing closure of ventricular septal defect.Methods Ninety pediatric patients with ventricular septal defect requiring interventional treatment,aged 4-11 yr,weighing 12-47 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were randomly divided into D1-3 groups （n =30 each） using a random number table.After admission to operating room,anesthesia was induced with iv atropine 0.02 mg/kg and ketamine 1.0 mg/kg,followed by administration of a loading dose of dexmedetonidine 0.5 μg/kg which was infused over 10 min.In D1,D2 and D3 groups,dexmedetomidine 0.7,1.0 and 1.2 μg· kg 1 · h-1 were infused intravenously,respectively,until the end of operation.After the pediatric patients lost consciousness,the femoral artery was punctured to perform interventional treatment.Additional ketamine 0.5 mg/kg was given when the depth of anesthesia was inadequate.BIS,BP,HR and SpO2 were recorded after admission to the operating room （T0）,at 1 and 5 min after ketamine administration （T1,2）,at the end of loading dose of dexmedetomidine infusion （T3）,at 15 min after maintenance dose of dexmedetomidine infusion （T4）,immediately after operation （T5）,and immediately after emergence （T6）.The total consumption of ketamine,cases who needed additional ketamine and atropine,operation time,emergence time and development of adverse effects such as respiratory depression and postoperative agitation were recorded.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,BIS value was significantly decreased at T4,5 in the three groups,HR was decreased at T4,5 in D2,3 groups,and no significant change was found in BP and SpO2 at each time point in the three groups.Compared with D1 group,the requirement for additional atropine was significantly increased,the total consumption of ketamine was reduced,and the requirement for additional ketamine and incidence of respiratory depression were decreased in D2 and D3 gr

关 键 词：右美托咪啶 氯胺酮 儿童 室间隔缺损 

分 类 号：R726.1[医药卫生—儿科]