岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落结构和物种多样性的演替动态  

Successional dynamics of community structure and species diversity after clearcutting of faxon fir(Abies faxoniana) forest stands

作　　者：缪宁[1] 周珠丽[2] 史作民[3] 冯秋红[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610064 [2]阿坝州川西林业局,理县623102 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [4]四川省林业科学研究院,成都610081

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第13期3661-3671,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划专题(2012BAD22B0102);国家自然科学基金项目(31200477)资助

摘　　要：为阐明岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落的演替过程,采用空间代替时间的方法,在川西米亚罗林区海拔3100—3600 m的阴坡选择岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生演替10、20、30、40和50a阶段的次生群落作为研究对象,对其群落结构和物种多样性的动态进行了研究。不同演替阶段的树木均呈显著聚集分布。按群落中优势种的重要值将该演替序列划分为3个类型:悬钩子-蔷薇灌丛、白桦阔叶林和桦木-岷江冷杉针阔混交林。随次生演替,乔木和灌木种的物种丰富度趋于增加,而草本种的物种丰富度趋于减少;乔木和灌木种的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数趋于增大,而草本的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数趋于减小;乔木、灌木和草本层的Pielou均匀度指数均趋于增大;乔木层的Simpson优势度指数趋于减小,灌木和草本层的Simpson优势度指数在演替0—40年阶段趋于增大,而在演替50a阶段趋于减小。在该演替序列中,乔木、灌木和草本层的物种组成均呈耐荫种替代非耐荫种的趋势。In the early 1950 s,the subalpine forests in western Sichuan province were dominated by old growth Abies faxoniana forests,large scale logging occurred between 1954 and 1965 and clear-cut was used as the predominant harvest method. Up to 1965 timber yield dropped dramatically for a little of harvestable forest stands and timber harvest operation stopped completely in 1998 when the Natural Forest Protection Program began in the region. In order to clarify the recovery processes of the forests region in western Sichuan Province,China,we studied the dynamics of community structure and species diversity over the first 60 year period of secondary successional stages in the Miyaluo forest area. We observed successional changes in the secondary forest community by adopting the concept of space as a substitute for time. Weestablished 34 20 m × 20 m plots at study sites located at altitudes between 3100—3600 m on shady slopes the Miyaluo forest area. Our study showed that the secondary forests were characterized by Betula albo-sinensis,Betula platyphylla,and A. faxonniana. The vascular plants recorded in the plots included 107 species of 79 genera from 38 families（ x herb species,y shrub species,and z tree species）. Tree density increased over the first 40 years of successional stages,but then declined by the 50 year stage of secondary succession. Size-classes of trees in 20 to 50 year stages of succession,which were mainly small-sized and medium-sized,all showed reverse J-shaped distributions. Tree species,along with shrub and herb species,all showed significantly aggregated distributions at different successional stages. The successional series was classified into three stages according to the importance value of the dominant species： first,the Rubus and Rosa shrub,second,the Betula broad-leaved forest, and third,the Abies and Betula conifer and broadleaf mixed forest. Betula species still were the dominant species in the third stage,but regeneration of A. faxoniana,which is the dominant tree of old growth in t

关 键 词：群落结构 物种多样性 次生群落 川西亚高山 演替动态 

分 类 号：S791.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]