纤毛虫伪红色双轴虫营养细胞和休眠包囊的超微结构观察  

Observation on the Ultrastructure of Vegetative Cells and Resting Cysts of Diaxonella pseudorubra (Ciliophora)

作　　者：孙磊[1] 运迷霞[1] 顾福康[1] 范鑫鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期344-349,共6页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31172042)资助项目

摘　　要：应用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对腹毛类纤毛虫伪红色双轴虫(Diaxonella pseudorubra)的营养期细胞和休眠包囊进行了超微结构观察.与营养期细胞相比,在包囊形成过程中,细胞皮层纤毛器中纤毛杆被全部吸收,但一部分基体和表膜下的微管保留下来,形成"尾柱虫类包囊".纤毛虫休眠细胞中也存在自噬泡消化现象,其中,自噬泡不仅将失去功能的线粒体等膜性细胞器进行消化,也将细胞内色素颗粒、黏液泡及共生菌等包裹在内,经历消化过程.结果表明,自噬泡消化是休眠细胞生命活动中渡过不良环境条件的基本过程,其消化对象不仅涉及细胞内胞器,还可能涉及细胞内共生体;线粒体、黏液泡、色素颗粒及共生菌等在细胞休眠生命活动中可能是细胞内物质利用和能量的主要来源.The ultrastructure of the hypotrich ciliate Diaxonella pseudorubra was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In resting cysts of Diaxonella pseudorubra, all the ciliary shafts above the cilia kinetosomes degenerated, and some kinetosomes and subpellicular microtubules still remained, which accorded with the characterization of Urostylidae-type cyst. Autophagy took place during encystment of the ciliate. And in this progress, autophagic vacuoles digested not only organelles including dysfunctional mitochondria, but also pigment granules, mucoeysts and endosymbionts. Results indicated that autophagic digestion is a fundamental process when the resting cysts go through adverse environment. The digestion not only includes cytoplasmic organelles, but also includes endosymbionts. The mitochondria, pigment granules, mucocysts and endosymbionts involved in autophagy might be important source material utilization and energy supply in the cell.

关 键 词：纤毛虫 营养期细胞 休眠包囊 超微结构 自噬泡消化 尾柱虫类包囊 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]