碳纳米管与石墨烯在储能电池中的应用  

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in the Energy Storage Batteries

作　　者：李健[1,2] 官亦标[1] 傅凯[1] 苏岳锋[2,3] 包丽颖[2,3] 吴锋[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院,北京100192 [2]北京理工大学化工与环境学院,北京100081 [3]国家高技术绿色材料发展中心,北京100081

出　　处：《化学进展》2014年第7期1233-1243,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2009CB220100);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.51102018;21103011);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(No.2011AA11A235;SQ2010AA1123116001);国家电网公司科技项目(No.DG71-13-033)资助~~

摘　　要：当今社会日益增长的能源与环境需求对储能电池技术的发展既是机遇也是严峻的挑战。纳米碳材料如碳纳米管与石墨烯因其优异的导电能力、良好的机械性能以及独特的形貌与结构特征在储能电池技术领域中的应用越来越普遍。本文通过综述近年来碳纳米管与石墨烯分别作为锂离子电池的复合电极材料、负极活性材料、导电添加剂以及新型锂硫电池用复合导电载体的最新应用进展,重点讨论了这两类纳米碳材料的不同应用模式对储能电池容量性能、倍率性能以及循环寿命的影响。同时对目前研究中存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来发展方向,如开发低成本与环境友好的高质量材料合成技术、提升材料的分散能力以有效构筑复合电极结构以及开发新的应用模式等进行了展望。The ever-increasing demand for energy and environmental resources is both an opportunity and a severe challenge for the development of energy storage batteries. Nano-carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene are widely used in the electrode technology of energy storage batteries because of their many useful properties, including high electrical conductivity, outstanding mechanical strength, and unique morphology and structure characteristics. This paper provides an overview about the most recent progress in the applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene （e.g. , composite electrode materials, anode active materials and conductive additives in lithium ion batteries, as well as composite conductive matrices in novel Li-S batteries）. The electrochemical performance of the batteries affected by their different application modes in terms of lithium storage capability, rate capacity and cycle life are highlighted. Discussions on challenges and perspectives of these carbon materials in this exciting field such as exploring low cost and environmental friendly synthesis techniques for high-quality materials, improving the dispersion technology for efficient design of hvhridnanostructured materials and seeking for new application modes are also presented.

关 键 词：碳纳米管 石墨烯 锂离子电池 锂硫电池 应用模式 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TB32[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]