反恐时代的美国军事制度改革——从唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德到罗伯特·盖茨  

The U.S. Military Institutional Reforms in the Anti-terrorism Era: From Donald Rumsfeld to Robert Gates

作　　者：左希迎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2014年第4期122-141,159,共20页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金青年项目"美国军事战略转变与我国的对策研究(项目批准号:14CGJ022)"研究成果的一部分

摘　　要：九一一事件以后,面对风谲云诡的国际环境,小布什政府开启了一个军事制度改革的时代。在长达十余年的时间里,唐纳德?拉姆斯菲尔德和罗伯特?盖茨持续不断地推动美国军事制度的改革,试图满足美国反恐战争的要求。拉姆斯菲尔德在就任国防部长期间,积极推动美军转变军事学说,改革美军组织结构和国防部的制度形式,调整军政关系,强化文官对军队的控制。另外,美国还广泛利用最新的信息技术,大力推动网络中心战。盖茨就任国防部长后,致力于处理拉姆斯菲尔德遗留的问题,继续推动美国的军事制度改革。他推动美国军事力量的再平衡,调整陆军的官僚体制,革新陆军文化,改革国防部的商业模式,并针对中国和伊朗等国家的"反介入"和"区域拒止"战略提出了"空海一体战"理念。尽管在拉姆斯菲尔德和盖茨的军事制度改革过程中遭遇了一些阻力,但是其改革仍然取得了显著的效果,深刻地改变了美国的军事制度,影响到未来美国军事制度变革的趋势。911 and the ensuing turbulences in the international environment witnessed the inaugural of an era of military institutional reforms in the George W. Bush administration. Donald Rumsfeld and Robert Gates were both committed to reforming the U.S. military institutions over the past decade to meet the challenge of anti-terrorism war. With Rumsfeld serving his terms as the Secretary of Defense, the doctrine, structure, institutional forms of the US army and the Department of Defense were vigorously transformed, the civil-military relations readjusted and the civilian control of the military forces strengthened. Network Centric Operations were also promoted with help of new information technology. Building on Rumsfeld's legacy, Robert Gates rebalanced the strength of the US military forces, reformed the bureaucracy of army, promoted the innovation of the army culture, and brought forward the Air-Sea Battle doctrine to fight China and Iran's anti-access and areadenial strategy. The ten-year reform, after quite some difficulties and obstacles, achieved remarkable results: the U.S. military institution was profoundly reshaped, projecting a long-lasting impact on US military reforms in the future.

关 键 词：军事制度改革 军政关系 网络中心战 空海一体战 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]