氮肥运筹对稻茬小麦土壤磷素平衡的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Applications on Soil Phosphorus Balance of Winter Wheat in a Rice-wheat Rotation

作　　者：石祖梁[1] 王飞 张传辉[1] 顾东祥[1] 顾克军[1] 杨四军[1] 张斯梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第3期187-192,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(12)1002);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09);环保部水专项课题项目(2012ZX 07101-004)

摘　　要：为给稻茬麦磷素合理的施用提供理论依据,以宁麦9号和豫麦34为材料,采用大田试验研究了氮肥基追比（1∶9,3∶7,5∶5,7∶3,施氮量225 kg/hm2）对土壤速效磷时空变化、植株磷素吸收、土壤磷素平衡的影响。结果表明,拔节至开花期为植株磷素积累高峰期,植株磷素吸收随追肥比例的增加先增后降,N5/5处理积累量最高。拔节前0～40 cm土层速效磷含量随基肥比例的增加而降低,拔节后则随追肥比例的增加先降后增。表观土壤磷素盈亏呈明显的阶段特征,拔节前土壤磷素出现显著的表观盈余,拔节至成熟期则出现不同程度的表观亏缺。全生育期两品种磷素表观盈余量均以N5/5处理最低,N1/9处理较高。综合考虑小麦产量和磷素平衡特征,宁麦9号和豫麦34在105kg/hm2的施磷量基础上可分别再降低P2O5用量6.5,8.4 kg/hm2,能够获得较高的小麦产量并减少磷素损失。It is very important to elucidate temporal-spatial distribution of soil available phosphorus（ P） content,P uptake and soil P apparent surplus amount to better utilize P fertilizer.In this study,by using two cultivars of wheat（ Triticum aestivum L.cv Ningmai 9 cv Yumai 34）,field experiments with different nitrogen applications（ 0 kg/ha and 1∶9,3∶ 7,5∶5,7∶3 at 225 kg/ha） were conducted in Nanjing during 2010 and 2011.The results showed that P uptake peak was from jointing to anthesis,and the treatment N5 /5 reached the highest.Soil available P content in 0- 40 cm soil layer decreased with the increase of basal nitrogen fertilizer application before jointing,and was the lowest when the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio was at 5 ∶ 5 after jointing.Soil P surpluses and deficits were obviously linked to growth-stage features.P surplus occurred from sowing to jointing,and P deficit occurred from jointing to maturity.During the whole growing season,P apparent surplus was the lowest when the basal to topdressing nitrogen fertilization ratio was at 5∶ 5,and the highest when the basal to topdressing nitrogen fertilization ratio was at 1∶ 9.It can be concluded that Ningmai 9 and Yumai 34 reduced P2O5rate 6.5 and 8.4 kg /ha at105 kg /ha respectively,combined application of 225 kg /ha（ the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio was 5 ∶ 5）,which could improve grain yield and reduce loss of P in wheat production.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 稻茬小麦 磷积累 土壤速效磷 磷素平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]