耕作及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of Tillage and Crop Residues Incorporation on Spring Maize Yield and Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil

作　　者：战秀梅[1,2] 彭靖[2] 李秀龙[2] 李亭亭[2] 韩晓日[2] 宋涛[2] 潘全良 

机构地区：[1]农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第3期204-209,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室开放基金项目(2012-05);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B12;2012BAD04B03;2013BAD07B03)

摘　　要：通过进行2年的田间小区定位试验,研究了不同耕作措施及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:各种秸秆还田方式均可显著提高玉米产量;秸秆连年还田方式最有利于改善土壤的物理性质、提高土壤养分和有机质含量,玉米增产幅度最大;秸秆连年还田配施尿素处理及秸秆隔年还田处理在改善土壤理化性质方面没有表现出明显的优势。深翻、深松耕作方式与普通旋耕相比,可显著降低深层土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度及土壤田间持水量,增加土壤有机质、氮磷钾含量,促进春玉米产量提高。深翻耕作方式在改善土壤理化性质和提高玉米产量方面的效果显著优于深松,并且这种优势在秸秆连年还田条件下达到最大。A 2-year located field plot experiment was conducted to study the influences of different tillage methods and crop residues incorporation on the yield of spring maize and physical and chemical properties of soil.The results showed that no matter under what kind of way of crop residues incorporation,the yield of maize with crop residues incorporation was higher than that of without.It was best to improve the physical properties of soil,the contents of soil nutrient and organic matter under crop residues incorporation every year,the increasing rang of maize yield was highest of all.The physical and chemical properties of soil under crop residues incorporation with urea and crop residues incorporation once every two years were not better than that of without crop residues incorporation.Compared with the tillage method of normal plowing,it can decrease the soil bulk density remarkable in deep soil layer,increase soil porosity,field capacity,soil organic matter content,N,P and K content in the soil,the yield of spring maize under the tillage methods of subsoiling and subsoiling with mixing the soil in different layer.Subsoiling with mixing the soil in different layer can get more good effects on improving soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield than subsoiling in addition,the effects would be best with crop residues incorporation every year.

关 键 词：耕作方式 深翻 深松 秸秆还田 产量 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]