集雨节灌种植技术对春玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of rainfall harvesting planting combined with water-saving irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring corn

作　　者：陈馨[1,2] 邴昊阳 张艳[2,3] 吴杨[2,3] 贾志宽[2,3] 任小龙 张鹏[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国旱区节水农业研究院,农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第4期78-84,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD09B03;2011BAD29B09);国家863课题(2013AA102902;2011AA100504);公益性行业专项(201303104);陕西科技创新项目(2011NXC01-16);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31201156);西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费(QN2013005)

摘　　要：以春玉米为供试材料,以传统灌溉方式沟灌、水平畦灌为对照,研究了集雨节灌种植技术对春玉米功能叶片的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、光合参数以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在同期灌溉处理中,集雨节灌处理各测定时期的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）以及气孔导度（Gs）较沟灌处理分别提高10.57%-16.15%、4.10%-9.24%、15.38%-33.33%;较水平畦灌分别提高11.31%-26.19%、5.73%-13.56%、22.73%-47.37%;较沟垄集雨种植分别提高-0.12%-26.19%、0.16%-9.95%、-4.35%-25%。集雨节灌处理的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）与沟灌、水平畦灌、沟垄集雨种植相比差异不明显。在播前灌1水条件下集雨节灌处理的产量和水分利用效率（WUEY）较沟灌、畦灌和沟垄集雨种植分别提高15.45%（P〈0.05）、21.85%（P〈0.05）、3.28%和39.82%（P〈0.05）、53.13%（P〈0.05）、4.44%,在开花期灌1水条件下分别提高7.06%、18.42%（P〈0.05）、2.32%和28.41%（P〈0.05）、39.58%（P〈0.05）、5.09%,在播前和开花期均灌1水条件下分别提高5.03%、14.57%（P〈0.05）、5.72%和40.23%（P〈0.05）、54.70%（P〈0.05）、2.99%。试验表明,集雨节灌种植技术在大幅度降低灌水量的情况下可以提高叶片的光合性能,并显著提高玉米籽粒产量。Taking spring corn（ Zea mays L.） as the tested material,and the traditional irrigation methods（ furrow and border irrigation） as the control,a field test was conducted to determine the effects of rainfall harvesting planting combined with water-saving irrigation（ RHWI） on chlorophyll relative content（ SPAD）,photosynthetic parameters in functional leaves and grain yield of spring corn. The results showed that,among the treatments with same irrigation time,the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Tr） and stomatal conductance（ Gs）of RHWI were increased by 10. 57% - 16. 15%,4. 10% - 9. 24% and 15. 38% - 33. 33%,respectively,compared with those of furrow irrigation; they were increased by 11. 31% - 26. 19%,5. 73% - 13. 56% and 22. 73%- 47. 37%,respectively,compared with those of border irrigation; and they were increased by-0. 12% - 26.19%,0. 16% - 9. 95% and-4. 35% - 25. 00%,respectively,compared with those of rainfall harvesting planting（ PRH）. There was no significant difference for the chlorophyll relative content（ SPAD） and instantaneous water use efficiency（ WUE） between RHWI and furrow irrigation,border irrigation as well as PRH. Compared with furrow irrigation,border irrigation and PRH,the yield of RHWI was increased by 15. 45%（ P 0. 05）,21. 85%（ P 0.05） and 3.28%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） of RHWI was increased by 39.82%（ P 0.05）,53.13%（ P 0.05） and 4.44%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1 time at pre-sowing stage; the yield was increased by 7. 06%,18. 42%（ P 0. 05） and 2. 32%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） was increased by 28.41%（ P 0.05）,39.58%（ P 0.05） and 5.09%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1 time at flowering stage; the yield was increased by 5. 03%,14. 57%（ P 0. 05） and 5.72%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） was increased by 40.23%（ P 0.05）,54.70%（ P 0.05） and 2. 99%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1

关 键 词：春玉米 集雨节灌 光合特性 相对叶绿素含量 产量 

分 类 号：S513.31[农业科学—作物学] S275