一种制备黄色聚氨酯弹性膜专用着色剂的合成与应用  

Synthesis and Application of a Special Colorant Used in Preparing Yellow Polyurethane Elastic Membrane

作　　者：尹志刚[1] 郭海燕[1] 钱恒玉[1] 张同艳[1] 秦金婉 张应军[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业学院材料与化学工程学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《应用化学》2014年第8期901-910,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关资助(122102210046)~~

摘　　要：以氯苯为原料,采用混酸硝化得到单硝基氯苯(邻-、对-混合物不经分离),在n(单硝基氯苯)∶n(硝酸)∶n(硫酸)=1.00∶1.10～1.15∶2.20及(100±5)℃下,反应65～75 min合成2,4-二硝基氯苯;然后在乙酸乙酯介质中,将得到的2,4-二硝基氯苯在n(2,4-二硝基氯苯)∶n(二乙醇胺)=1.00∶2.20及65～70℃下,与二乙醇胺进行亲核取代反应4 h,合成N,N-二(β-羟乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺;利用熔点测试、红外、核磁共振等技术手段确认了合成产品的化学结构。将最终产物以一定比例和其它二元醇混合,并与二异氰酸酯反应得到一种黄色聚氨酯弹性膜。通过膜强度、色迁移、耐酸碱洗涤等实验发现,设计合成的N,N-二(β-羟乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺的应用性能优于日本、韩国相应的反应型着色剂,完全达到美国米尔肯公司的反应型着色剂应用性能。The nitrochlorobenzene （a mixture of o-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitrochlorobenzene ） made by mononitrating chlorobenzene using mixed acid was transformed into 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene at the ratio of n（nitrochlorobenzene） ：n（ nitric acid） ：n（ sulfuric acid） = 1.00：1.10 - 1.15： 2. 20, and at （ 100 ± 5 ） ℃ for 65 - 75 rain. The resulting compound was then attacked by nuceophilic diethanol amine in ethyl acetate at the ratio of n （2,4-dinitrochloro- benzene）：n （diethanol amine） = 1.00：2.20 and at 65 -70 ℃ for 4 h to give N, N-bis（β-hydroxyethyl）-2,4-dinitroaniline, of which the chemical structure was determined by melting point measurement, IR, and NMR. The final product was transferred into a yellow polyurethane elastic membrane when mixed with other diols in a certain proportion, and then by reacting with diisocyanate. The performance of the designed target molecule is better than that of the corresponding reaction dyes from Japan or Korea, but comparable to that from Milken Co. Ltd. USA by investigating the color fastness, tensile strength, and breaking elongation of polyurethane elastic membrane.

关 键 词：聚氨酯弹性膜 二硝基氯苯 N N-二(β-羟乙基)-二硝基苯胺 合成 色迁移 

分 类 号：O621.3[理学—有机化学]