基层医院服毒自杀病人175例救治后的心理特点分析及护理对策  

Psychological characteristics and nursing of suicide patients after treatment: an analysis of 175 cases

作　　者：陈彦侠 孔云[2] 郏云美 

机构地区：[1]安徽省蒙城县第一人民医院急诊科,安徽蒙城233500 [2]安徽省蒙城县第一人民医院护理部,安徽蒙城233500

出　　处：《安徽医药》2014年第8期1598-1600,共3页Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal

摘　　要：目的研究服毒自杀患者救治后的心理状态,提出护理对策。方法分析该科收治的175例服毒自杀患者(观察A组)的临床及护理资料,对其心理特点及护理措施进行分析和总结。同时另选取68例服毒自杀患者作为观察B组,仅采取一般救治和心理护理,随访两组患者1年,观察两组患者再次服毒自杀率。结果服毒自杀患者的心理特点包括悲观失望、恐惧、自卑、意志消沉及孤独。针对患者不同的心理,采取不同的护理措施,如护理人员应先了解患者服毒原因,进行心理疏导,并与患者家属一起关心、爱护患者,肯定患者在家庭和社会中的地位,让患者意识到服毒自杀的后果的严重性等。对观察组患者进行心理特征分析并采取相应的护理对策后,随访1年期间,观察A组随访1年期间21例(12.00%)再次服毒自杀,观察B组18例(26.47%)再次服毒自杀,观察A组再次服毒自杀率明显低于观察B组(P<0.05)。结论服毒自杀患者救治后存在不同的心理特点,临床上可因人而异的采用护理对策,不仅可取得患者对治疗护理的配合,而且可降低再次服毒自杀率。Objective To study the psychological state of suicide patients after treatment and to propose nursing strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 175 cases admitted to Mengcheng First Hospital,whose psychological characteristics and nursing measures were analyzed and summarized. We also selected 68 cases who poisoned themselves as observation group B,who were treated with conventional medical treatment and psychological care. Patients were followed up for 1 year,and the rates of committing suicide again were compared. Results The psychological characteristics of patients who commit suicide included despair,fear,low self-esteem,depression and loneliness. For patients with different psychological state,we took different measures. Nurses first found out the reasons for suicide,then conducted psychological counseling,and took care of the patients with family members. Nurses assured the patients of their importance in household and the society,made the patients realize the serious consequences of suicide and so on. Psychological characteristics of patients in observation group were analyzed and appropriate nursing strategies were conducted. During the 1-year follow-up period 21 cases（12. 00%） of observation group committed suicide again,which was significantly lower than the observation group B,in which 18 patients（26. 47%） committed suicide again（P〈0. 05）. Conclusions Psychological characteristics of patients who commit suicide are different after treatment,therefore,nursing strategies should vary from patient to patient,which can not only gain the cooperation of the patients,but also decrease the rate of committing suicide once again.

关 键 词：服毒自杀 心理特点 护理对策 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]